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 --
 -- Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2019, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 --
 --
 -- CASE
 -- https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL_12_BETA2/src/test/regress/sql/case.sql
 -- Test the CASE statement
 --
 CREATE TABLE CASE_TBL (
   i integer,
   f double
 ) USING parquet;
 
 CREATE TABLE CASE2_TBL (
   i integer,
   j integer
 ) USING parquet;
 
 INSERT INTO CASE_TBL VALUES (1, 10.1);
 INSERT INTO CASE_TBL VALUES (2, 20.2);
 INSERT INTO CASE_TBL VALUES (3, -30.3);
 INSERT INTO CASE_TBL VALUES (4, NULL);
 
 INSERT INTO CASE2_TBL VALUES (1, -1);
 INSERT INTO CASE2_TBL VALUES (2, -2);
 INSERT INTO CASE2_TBL VALUES (3, -3);
 INSERT INTO CASE2_TBL VALUES (2, -4);
 INSERT INTO CASE2_TBL VALUES (1, NULL);
 INSERT INTO CASE2_TBL VALUES (NULL, -6);
 
 --
 -- Simplest examples without tables
 --
 
 SELECT '3' AS `One`,
   CASE
     WHEN 1 < 2 THEN 3
   END AS `Simple WHEN`;
 
 SELECT '<NULL>' AS `One`,
   CASE
     WHEN 1 > 2 THEN 3
   END AS `Simple default`;
 
 SELECT '3' AS `One`,
   CASE
     WHEN 1 < 2 THEN 3
     ELSE 4
   END AS `Simple ELSE`;
 
 SELECT '4' AS `One`,
   CASE
     WHEN 1 > 2 THEN 3
     ELSE 4
   END AS `ELSE default`;
 
 SELECT '6' AS `One`,
   CASE
     WHEN 1 > 2 THEN 3
     WHEN 4 < 5 THEN 6
     ELSE 7
   END AS `Two WHEN with default`;
 
 SELECT '7' AS `None`,
   CASE WHEN rand() < 0 THEN 1
   END AS `NULL on no matches`;
 
 -- Constant-expression folding shouldn't evaluate unreachable subexpressions
 SELECT CASE WHEN 1=0 THEN 1/0 WHEN 1=1 THEN 1 ELSE 2/0 END;
 SELECT CASE 1 WHEN 0 THEN 1/0 WHEN 1 THEN 1 ELSE 2/0 END;
 
 -- [SPARK-27923] PostgreSQL throws an exception but Spark SQL is NULL
 -- However we do not currently suppress folding of potentially
 -- reachable subexpressions
 SELECT CASE WHEN i > 100 THEN 1/0 ELSE 0 END FROM case_tbl;
 
 -- Test for cases involving untyped literals in test expression
 SELECT CASE 'a' WHEN 'a' THEN 1 ELSE 2 END;
 
 --
 -- Examples of targets involving tables
 --
 
 SELECT '' AS `Five`,
   CASE
     WHEN i >= 3 THEN i
   END AS `>= 3 or Null`
   FROM CASE_TBL;
 
 SELECT '' AS `Five`,
   CASE WHEN i >= 3 THEN (i + i)
        ELSE i
   END AS `Simplest Math`
   FROM CASE_TBL;
 
 SELECT '' AS `Five`, i AS `Value`,
   CASE WHEN (i < 0) THEN 'small'
        WHEN (i = 0) THEN 'zero'
        WHEN (i = 1) THEN 'one'
        WHEN (i = 2) THEN 'two'
        ELSE 'big'
   END AS `Category`
   FROM CASE_TBL;
 
 SELECT '' AS `Five`,
   CASE WHEN ((i < 0) or (i < 0)) THEN 'small'
        WHEN ((i = 0) or (i = 0)) THEN 'zero'
        WHEN ((i = 1) or (i = 1)) THEN 'one'
        WHEN ((i = 2) or (i = 2)) THEN 'two'
        ELSE 'big'
   END AS `Category`
   FROM CASE_TBL;
 
 --
 -- Examples of qualifications involving tables
 --
 
 --
 -- NULLIF() and COALESCE()
 -- Shorthand forms for typical CASE constructs
 --  defined in the SQL standard.
 --
 
 SELECT * FROM CASE_TBL WHERE COALESCE(f,i) = 4;
 
 SELECT * FROM CASE_TBL WHERE NULLIF(f,i) = 2;
 
 SELECT COALESCE(a.f, b.i, b.j)
   FROM CASE_TBL a, CASE2_TBL b;
 
 SELECT *
   FROM CASE_TBL a, CASE2_TBL b
   WHERE COALESCE(a.f, b.i, b.j) = 2;
 
 SELECT '' AS Five, NULLIF(a.i,b.i) AS `NULLIF(a.i,b.i)`,
   NULLIF(b.i, 4) AS `NULLIF(b.i,4)`
   FROM CASE_TBL a, CASE2_TBL b;
 
 SELECT '' AS `Two`, *
   FROM CASE_TBL a, CASE2_TBL b
   WHERE COALESCE(f,b.i) = 2;
 
 -- We don't support update now.
 --
 -- Examples of updates involving tables
 --
 
 -- UPDATE CASE_TBL
 --   SET i = CASE WHEN i >= 3 THEN (- i)
 --                 ELSE (2 * i) END;
 
 -- SELECT * FROM CASE_TBL;
 
 -- UPDATE CASE_TBL
 --   SET i = CASE WHEN i >= 2 THEN (2 * i)
 --                 ELSE (3 * i) END;
 
 -- SELECT * FROM CASE_TBL;
 
 -- UPDATE CASE_TBL
 --   SET i = CASE WHEN b.i >= 2 THEN (2 * j)
 --                 ELSE (3 * j) END
 --   FROM CASE2_TBL b
 --   WHERE j = -CASE_TBL.i;
 
 -- SELECT * FROM CASE_TBL;
 
 --
 -- Nested CASE expressions
 --
 
 -- This test exercises a bug caused by aliasing econtext->caseValue_isNull
 -- with the isNull argument of the inner CASE's CaseExpr evaluation.  After
 -- evaluating the vol(null) expression in the inner CASE's second WHEN-clause,
 -- the isNull flag for the case test value incorrectly became true, causing
 -- the third WHEN-clause not to match.  The volatile function calls are needed
 -- to prevent constant-folding in the planner, which would hide the bug.
 
 -- Wrap this in a single transaction so the transient '=' operator doesn't
 -- cause problems in concurrent sessions
 -- BEGIN;
 
 -- CREATE FUNCTION vol(text) returns text as
 --   'begin return $1; end' language plpgsql volatile;
 
 SELECT CASE
   (CASE vol('bar')
     WHEN 'foo' THEN 'it was foo!'
     WHEN vol(null) THEN 'null input'
     WHEN 'bar' THEN 'it was bar!' END
   )
   WHEN 'it was foo!' THEN 'foo recognized'
   WHEN 'it was bar!' THEN 'bar recognized'
   ELSE 'unrecognized' END;
 
 -- We don't support the features below:
 -- 1. CREATE DOMAIN ...
 -- 2. CREATE OPERATOR ...
 -- 3. CREATE TYPE ...
 
 -- In this case, we can't inline the SQL function without confusing things.
 -- CREATE DOMAIN foodomain AS text;
 
 -- CREATE FUNCTION volfoo(text) returns foodomain as
 --   'begin return $1::foodomain; end' language plpgsql volatile;
 
 -- CREATE FUNCTION inline_eq(foodomain, foodomain) returns boolean as
 --   'SELECT CASE $2::text WHEN $1::text THEN true ELSE false END' language sql;
 
 -- CREATE OPERATOR = (procedure = inline_eq,
 --                    leftarg = foodomain, rightarg = foodomain);
 
 -- SELECT CASE volfoo('bar') WHEN 'foo'::foodomain THEN 'is foo' ELSE 'is not foo' END;
 
 -- ROLLBACK;
 
 -- Test multiple evaluation of a CASE arg that is a read/write object (#14472)
 -- Wrap this in a single transaction so the transient '=' operator doesn't
 -- cause problems in concurrent sessions
 -- BEGIN;
 
 -- CREATE DOMAIN arrdomain AS int[];
 
 -- CREATE FUNCTION make_ad(int,int) returns arrdomain as
 --   'declare x arrdomain;
 --    begin
 --      x := array[$1,$2];
 --      return x;
 --    end' language plpgsql volatile;
 
 -- CREATE FUNCTION ad_eq(arrdomain, arrdomain) returns boolean as
 --   'begin return array_eq($1, $2); end' language plpgsql;
 
 -- CREATE OPERATOR = (procedure = ad_eq,
 --                    leftarg = arrdomain, rightarg = arrdomain);
 
 -- SELECT CASE make_ad(1,2)
 --   WHEN array[2,4]::arrdomain THEN 'wrong'
 --   WHEN array[2,5]::arrdomain THEN 'still wrong'
 --   WHEN array[1,2]::arrdomain THEN 'right'
 --   END;
 
 -- ROLLBACK;
 
 -- Test interaction of CASE with ArrayCoerceExpr (bug #15471)
 -- BEGIN;
 
 -- CREATE TYPE casetestenum AS ENUM ('e', 'f', 'g');
 
 -- SELECT
 --   CASE 'foo'::text
 --     WHEN 'foo' THEN ARRAY['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'] || enum_range(NULL::casetestenum)::text[]
 --     ELSE ARRAY['x', 'y']
 --     END;
 
 -- ROLLBACK;
 
 --
 -- Clean up
 --
 
 DROP TABLE CASE_TBL;
 DROP TABLE CASE2_TBL;

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