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 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * KVM dirty page logging test
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2018, Red Hat, Inc.
  */
 
 #define _GNU_SOURCE /* for program_invocation_name */
 
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <pthread.h>
 #include <semaphore.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <signal.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <linux/bitmap.h>
 #include <linux/bitops.h>
 #include <linux/atomic.h>
 
 #include "kvm_util.h"
 #include "test_util.h"
 #include "guest_modes.h"
 #include "processor.h"
 
 /* The memory slot index to track dirty pages */
 #define TEST_MEM_SLOT_INDEX     1
 
 /* Default guest test virtual memory offset */
 #define DEFAULT_GUEST_TEST_MEM      0xc0000000
 
 /* How many pages to dirty for each guest loop */
 #define TEST_PAGES_PER_LOOP     1024
 
 /* How many host loops to run (one KVM_GET_DIRTY_LOG for each loop) */
 #define TEST_HOST_LOOP_N        32UL
 
 /* Interval for each host loop (ms) */
 #define TEST_HOST_LOOP_INTERVAL     10UL
 
 /* Dirty bitmaps are always little endian, so we need to swap on big endian */
 #if defined(__s390x__)
 # define BITOP_LE_SWIZZLE   ((BITS_PER_LONG-1) & ~0x7)
 # define test_bit_le(nr, addr) \
     test_bit((nr) ^ BITOP_LE_SWIZZLE, addr)
 # define set_bit_le(nr, addr) \
     set_bit((nr) ^ BITOP_LE_SWIZZLE, addr)
 # define clear_bit_le(nr, addr) \
     clear_bit((nr) ^ BITOP_LE_SWIZZLE, addr)
 # define test_and_set_bit_le(nr, addr) \
     test_and_set_bit((nr) ^ BITOP_LE_SWIZZLE, addr)
 # define test_and_clear_bit_le(nr, addr) \
     test_and_clear_bit((nr) ^ BITOP_LE_SWIZZLE, addr)
 #else
 # define test_bit_le        test_bit
 # define set_bit_le     set_bit
 # define clear_bit_le       clear_bit
 # define test_and_set_bit_le    test_and_set_bit
 # define test_and_clear_bit_le  test_and_clear_bit
 #endif
 
 #define TEST_DIRTY_RING_COUNT       65536
 
 #define SIG_IPI SIGUSR1
 
 /*
  * Guest/Host shared variables. Ensure addr_gva2hva() and/or
  * sync_global_to/from_guest() are used when accessing from
  * the host. READ/WRITE_ONCE() should also be used with anything
  * that may change.
  */
 static uint64_t host_page_size;
 static uint64_t guest_page_size;
 static uint64_t guest_num_pages;
 static uint64_t random_array[TEST_PAGES_PER_LOOP];
 static uint64_t iteration;
 
 /*
  * Guest physical memory offset of the testing memory slot.
  * This will be set to the topmost valid physical address minus
  * the test memory size.
  */
 static uint64_t guest_test_phys_mem;
 
 /*
  * Guest virtual memory offset of the testing memory slot.
  * Must not conflict with identity mapped test code.
  */
 static uint64_t guest_test_virt_mem = DEFAULT_GUEST_TEST_MEM;
 
 /*
  * Continuously write to the first 8 bytes of a random pages within
  * the testing memory region.
  */
 static void guest_code(void)
 {
     uint64_t addr;
     int i;
 
     /*
      * On s390x, all pages of a 1M segment are initially marked as dirty
      * when a page of the segment is written to for the very first time.
      * To compensate this specialty in this test, we need to touch all
      * pages during the first iteration.
      */
     for (i = 0; i < guest_num_pages; i++) {
         addr = guest_test_virt_mem + i * guest_page_size;
         *(uint64_t *)addr = READ_ONCE(iteration);
     }
 
     while (true) {
         for (i = 0; i < TEST_PAGES_PER_LOOP; i++) {
             addr = guest_test_virt_mem;
             addr += (READ_ONCE(random_array[i]) % guest_num_pages)
                 * guest_page_size;
             addr = align_down(addr, host_page_size);
             *(uint64_t *)addr = READ_ONCE(iteration);
         }
 
         /* Tell the host that we need more random numbers */
         GUEST_SYNC(1);
     }
 }
 
 /* Host variables */
 static bool host_quit;
 
 /* Points to the test VM memory region on which we track dirty logs */
 static void *host_test_mem;
 static uint64_t host_num_pages;
 
 /* For statistics only */
 static uint64_t host_dirty_count;
 static uint64_t host_clear_count;
 static uint64_t host_track_next_count;
 
 /* Whether dirty ring reset is requested, or finished */
 static sem_t sem_vcpu_stop;
 static sem_t sem_vcpu_cont;
 /*
  * This is only set by main thread, and only cleared by vcpu thread.  It is
  * used to request vcpu thread to stop at the next GUEST_SYNC, since GUEST_SYNC
  * is the only place that we'll guarantee both "dirty bit" and "dirty data"
  * will match.  E.g., SIG_IPI won't guarantee that if the vcpu is interrupted
  * after setting dirty bit but before the data is written.
  */
 static atomic_t vcpu_sync_stop_requested;
 /*
  * This is updated by the vcpu thread to tell the host whether it's a
  * ring-full event.  It should only be read until a sem_wait() of
  * sem_vcpu_stop and before vcpu continues to run.
  */
 static bool dirty_ring_vcpu_ring_full;
 /*
  * This is only used for verifying the dirty pages.  Dirty ring has a very
  * tricky case when the ring just got full, kvm will do userspace exit due to
  * ring full.  When that happens, the very last PFN is set but actually the
  * data is not changed (the guest WRITE is not really applied yet), because
  * we found that the dirty ring is full, refused to continue the vcpu, and
  * recorded the dirty gfn with the old contents.
  *
  * For this specific case, it's safe to skip checking this pfn for this
  * bit, because it's a redundant bit, and when the write happens later the bit
  * will be set again.  We use this variable to always keep track of the latest
  * dirty gfn we've collected, so that if a mismatch of data found later in the
  * verifying process, we let it pass.
  */
 static uint64_t dirty_ring_last_page;
 
 enum log_mode_t {
     /* Only use KVM_GET_DIRTY_LOG for logging */
     LOG_MODE_DIRTY_LOG = 0,
 
     /* Use both KVM_[GET|CLEAR]_DIRTY_LOG for logging */
     LOG_MODE_CLEAR_LOG = 1,
 
     /* Use dirty ring for logging */
     LOG_MODE_DIRTY_RING = 2,
 
     LOG_MODE_NUM,
 
     /* Run all supported modes */
     LOG_MODE_ALL = LOG_MODE_NUM,
 };
 
 /* Mode of logging to test.  Default is to run all supported modes */
 static enum log_mode_t host_log_mode_option = LOG_MODE_ALL;
 /* Logging mode for current run */
 static enum log_mode_t host_log_mode;
 static pthread_t vcpu_thread;
 static uint32_t test_dirty_ring_count = TEST_DIRTY_RING_COUNT;
 
 static void vcpu_kick(void)
 {
     pthread_kill(vcpu_thread, SIG_IPI);
 }
 
 /*
  * In our test we do signal tricks, let's use a better version of
  * sem_wait to avoid signal interrupts
  */
 static void sem_wait_until(sem_t *sem)
 {
     int ret;
 
     do
         ret = sem_wait(sem);
     while (ret == -1 && errno == EINTR);
 }
 
 static bool clear_log_supported(void)
 {
     return kvm_has_cap(KVM_CAP_MANUAL_DIRTY_LOG_PROTECT2);
 }
 
 static void clear_log_create_vm_done(struct kvm_vm *vm)
 {
     u64 manual_caps;
 
     manual_caps = kvm_check_cap(KVM_CAP_MANUAL_DIRTY_LOG_PROTECT2);
     TEST_ASSERT(manual_caps, "MANUAL_CAPS is zero!");
     manual_caps &= (KVM_DIRTY_LOG_MANUAL_PROTECT_ENABLE |
             KVM_DIRTY_LOG_INITIALLY_SET);
     vm_enable_cap(vm, KVM_CAP_MANUAL_DIRTY_LOG_PROTECT2, manual_caps);
 }
 
 static void dirty_log_collect_dirty_pages(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, int slot,
                       void *bitmap, uint32_t num_pages)
 {
     kvm_vm_get_dirty_log(vcpu->vm, slot, bitmap);
 }
 
 static void clear_log_collect_dirty_pages(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, int slot,
                       void *bitmap, uint32_t num_pages)
 {
     kvm_vm_get_dirty_log(vcpu->vm, slot, bitmap);
     kvm_vm_clear_dirty_log(vcpu->vm, slot, bitmap, 0, num_pages);
 }
 
 /* Should only be called after a GUEST_SYNC */
 static void vcpu_handle_sync_stop(void)
 {
     if (atomic_read(&vcpu_sync_stop_requested)) {
         /* It means main thread is sleeping waiting */
         atomic_set(&vcpu_sync_stop_requested, false);
         sem_post(&sem_vcpu_stop);
         sem_wait_until(&sem_vcpu_cont);
     }
 }
 
 static void default_after_vcpu_run(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, int ret, int err)
 {
     struct kvm_run *run = vcpu->run;
 
     TEST_ASSERT(ret == 0 || (ret == -1 && err == EINTR),
             "vcpu run failed: errno=%d", err);
 
     TEST_ASSERT(get_ucall(vcpu, NULL) == UCALL_SYNC,
             "Invalid guest sync status: exit_reason=%s\n",
             exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
 
     vcpu_handle_sync_stop();
 }
 
 static bool dirty_ring_supported(void)
 {
     return kvm_has_cap(KVM_CAP_DIRTY_LOG_RING);
 }
 
 static void dirty_ring_create_vm_done(struct kvm_vm *vm)
 {
     /*
      * Switch to dirty ring mode after VM creation but before any
      * of the vcpu creation.
      */
     vm_enable_dirty_ring(vm, test_dirty_ring_count *
                  sizeof(struct kvm_dirty_gfn));
 }
 
 static inline bool dirty_gfn_is_dirtied(struct kvm_dirty_gfn *gfn)
 {
     return gfn->flags == KVM_DIRTY_GFN_F_DIRTY;
 }
 
 static inline void dirty_gfn_set_collected(struct kvm_dirty_gfn *gfn)
 {
     gfn->flags = KVM_DIRTY_GFN_F_RESET;
 }
 
 static uint32_t dirty_ring_collect_one(struct kvm_dirty_gfn *dirty_gfns,
                        int slot, void *bitmap,
                        uint32_t num_pages, uint32_t *fetch_index)
 {
     struct kvm_dirty_gfn *cur;
     uint32_t count = 0;
 
     while (true) {
         cur = &dirty_gfns[*fetch_index % test_dirty_ring_count];
         if (!dirty_gfn_is_dirtied(cur))
             break;
         TEST_ASSERT(cur->slot == slot, "Slot number didn't match: "
                 "%u != %u", cur->slot, slot);
         TEST_ASSERT(cur->offset < num_pages, "Offset overflow: "
                 "0x%llx >= 0x%x", cur->offset, num_pages);
         //pr_info("fetch 0x%x page %llu\n", *fetch_index, cur->offset);
         set_bit_le(cur->offset, bitmap);
         dirty_ring_last_page = cur->offset;
         dirty_gfn_set_collected(cur);
         (*fetch_index)++;
         count++;
     }
 
     return count;
 }
 
 static void dirty_ring_wait_vcpu(void)
 {
     /* This makes sure that hardware PML cache flushed */
     vcpu_kick();
     sem_wait_until(&sem_vcpu_stop);
 }
 
 static void dirty_ring_continue_vcpu(void)
 {
     pr_info("Notifying vcpu to continue\n");
     sem_post(&sem_vcpu_cont);
 }
 
 static void dirty_ring_collect_dirty_pages(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, int slot,
                        void *bitmap, uint32_t num_pages)
 {
     /* We only have one vcpu */
     static uint32_t fetch_index = 0;
     uint32_t count = 0, cleared;
     bool continued_vcpu = false;
 
     dirty_ring_wait_vcpu();
 
     if (!dirty_ring_vcpu_ring_full) {
         /*
          * This is not a ring-full event, it's safe to allow
          * vcpu to continue
          */
         dirty_ring_continue_vcpu();
         continued_vcpu = true;
     }
 
     /* Only have one vcpu */
     count = dirty_ring_collect_one(vcpu_map_dirty_ring(vcpu),
                        slot, bitmap, num_pages, &fetch_index);
 
     cleared = kvm_vm_reset_dirty_ring(vcpu->vm);
 
     /* Cleared pages should be the same as collected */
     TEST_ASSERT(cleared == count, "Reset dirty pages (%u) mismatch "
             "with collected (%u)", cleared, count);
 
     if (!continued_vcpu) {
         TEST_ASSERT(dirty_ring_vcpu_ring_full,
                 "Didn't continue vcpu even without ring full");
         dirty_ring_continue_vcpu();
     }
 
     pr_info("Iteration %ld collected %u pages\n", iteration, count);
 }
 
 static void dirty_ring_after_vcpu_run(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, int ret, int err)
 {
     struct kvm_run *run = vcpu->run;
 
     /* A ucall-sync or ring-full event is allowed */
     if (get_ucall(vcpu, NULL) == UCALL_SYNC) {
         /* We should allow this to continue */
         ;
     } else if (run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_DIRTY_RING_FULL ||
            (ret == -1 && err == EINTR)) {
         /* Update the flag first before pause */
         WRITE_ONCE(dirty_ring_vcpu_ring_full,
                run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_DIRTY_RING_FULL);
         sem_post(&sem_vcpu_stop);
         pr_info("vcpu stops because %s...\n",
             dirty_ring_vcpu_ring_full ?
             "dirty ring is full" : "vcpu is kicked out");
         sem_wait_until(&sem_vcpu_cont);
         pr_info("vcpu continues now.\n");
     } else {
         TEST_ASSERT(false, "Invalid guest sync status: "
                 "exit_reason=%s\n",
                 exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
     }
 }
 
 static void dirty_ring_before_vcpu_join(void)
 {
     /* Kick another round of vcpu just to make sure it will quit */
     sem_post(&sem_vcpu_cont);
 }
 
 struct log_mode {
     const char *name;
     /* Return true if this mode is supported, otherwise false */
     bool (*supported)(void);
     /* Hook when the vm creation is done (before vcpu creation) */
     void (*create_vm_done)(struct kvm_vm *vm);
     /* Hook to collect the dirty pages into the bitmap provided */
     void (*collect_dirty_pages) (struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, int slot,
                      void *bitmap, uint32_t num_pages);
     /* Hook to call when after each vcpu run */
     void (*after_vcpu_run)(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, int ret, int err);
     void (*before_vcpu_join) (void);
 } log_modes[LOG_MODE_NUM] = {
     {
         .name = "dirty-log",
         .collect_dirty_pages = dirty_log_collect_dirty_pages,
         .after_vcpu_run = default_after_vcpu_run,
     },
     {
         .name = "clear-log",
         .supported = clear_log_supported,
         .create_vm_done = clear_log_create_vm_done,
         .collect_dirty_pages = clear_log_collect_dirty_pages,
         .after_vcpu_run = default_after_vcpu_run,
     },
     {
         .name = "dirty-ring",
         .supported = dirty_ring_supported,
         .create_vm_done = dirty_ring_create_vm_done,
         .collect_dirty_pages = dirty_ring_collect_dirty_pages,
         .before_vcpu_join = dirty_ring_before_vcpu_join,
         .after_vcpu_run = dirty_ring_after_vcpu_run,
     },
 };
 
 /*
  * We use this bitmap to track some pages that should have its dirty
  * bit set in the _next_ iteration.  For example, if we detected the
  * page value changed to current iteration but at the same time the
  * page bit is cleared in the latest bitmap, then the system must
  * report that write in the next get dirty log call.
  */
 static unsigned long *host_bmap_track;
 
 static void log_modes_dump(void)
 {
     int i;
 
     printf("all");
     for (i = 0; i < LOG_MODE_NUM; i++)
         printf(", %s", log_modes[i].name);
     printf("\n");
 }
 
 static bool log_mode_supported(void)
 {
     struct log_mode *mode = &log_modes[host_log_mode];
 
     if (mode->supported)
         return mode->supported();
 
     return true;
 }
 
 static void log_mode_create_vm_done(struct kvm_vm *vm)
 {
     struct log_mode *mode = &log_modes[host_log_mode];
 
     if (mode->create_vm_done)
         mode->create_vm_done(vm);
 }
 
 static void log_mode_collect_dirty_pages(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, int slot,
                      void *bitmap, uint32_t num_pages)
 {
     struct log_mode *mode = &log_modes[host_log_mode];
 
     TEST_ASSERT(mode->collect_dirty_pages != NULL,
             "collect_dirty_pages() is required for any log mode!");
     mode->collect_dirty_pages(vcpu, slot, bitmap, num_pages);
 }
 
 static void log_mode_after_vcpu_run(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, int ret, int err)
 {
     struct log_mode *mode = &log_modes[host_log_mode];
 
     if (mode->after_vcpu_run)
         mode->after_vcpu_run(vcpu, ret, err);
 }
 
 static void log_mode_before_vcpu_join(void)
 {
     struct log_mode *mode = &log_modes[host_log_mode];
 
     if (mode->before_vcpu_join)
         mode->before_vcpu_join();
 }
 
 static void generate_random_array(uint64_t *guest_array, uint64_t size)
 {
     uint64_t i;
 
     for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
         guest_array[i] = random();
 }
 
 static void *vcpu_worker(void *data)
 {
     int ret;
     struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu = data;
     struct kvm_vm *vm = vcpu->vm;
     uint64_t *guest_array;
     uint64_t pages_count = 0;
     struct kvm_signal_mask *sigmask = alloca(offsetof(struct kvm_signal_mask, sigset)
                          + sizeof(sigset_t));
     sigset_t *sigset = (sigset_t *) &sigmask->sigset;
 
     /*
      * SIG_IPI is unblocked atomically while in KVM_RUN.  It causes the
      * ioctl to return with -EINTR, but it is still pending and we need
      * to accept it with the sigwait.
      */
     sigmask->len = 8;
     pthread_sigmask(0, NULL, sigset);
     sigdelset(sigset, SIG_IPI);
     vcpu_ioctl(vcpu, KVM_SET_SIGNAL_MASK, sigmask);
 
     sigemptyset(sigset);
     sigaddset(sigset, SIG_IPI);
 
     guest_array = addr_gva2hva(vm, (vm_vaddr_t)random_array);
 
     while (!READ_ONCE(host_quit)) {
         /* Clear any existing kick signals */
         generate_random_array(guest_array, TEST_PAGES_PER_LOOP);
         pages_count += TEST_PAGES_PER_LOOP;
         /* Let the guest dirty the random pages */
         ret = __vcpu_run(vcpu);
         if (ret == -1 && errno == EINTR) {
             int sig = -1;
             sigwait(sigset, &sig);
             assert(sig == SIG_IPI);
         }
         log_mode_after_vcpu_run(vcpu, ret, errno);
     }
 
     pr_info("Dirtied %"PRIu64" pages\n", pages_count);
 
     return NULL;
 }
 
 static void vm_dirty_log_verify(enum vm_guest_mode mode, unsigned long *bmap)
 {
     uint64_t step = vm_num_host_pages(mode, 1);
     uint64_t page;
     uint64_t *value_ptr;
     uint64_t min_iter = 0;
 
     for (page = 0; page < host_num_pages; page += step) {
         value_ptr = host_test_mem + page * host_page_size;
 
         /* If this is a special page that we were tracking... */
         if (test_and_clear_bit_le(page, host_bmap_track)) {
             host_track_next_count++;
             TEST_ASSERT(test_bit_le(page, bmap),
                     "Page %"PRIu64" should have its dirty bit "
                     "set in this iteration but it is missing",
                     page);
         }
 
         if (test_and_clear_bit_le(page, bmap)) {
             bool matched;
 
             host_dirty_count++;
 
             /*
              * If the bit is set, the value written onto
              * the corresponding page should be either the
              * previous iteration number or the current one.
              */
             matched = (*value_ptr == iteration ||
                    *value_ptr == iteration - 1);
 
             if (host_log_mode == LOG_MODE_DIRTY_RING && !matched) {
                 if (*value_ptr == iteration - 2 && min_iter <= iteration - 2) {
                     /*
                      * Short answer: this case is special
                      * only for dirty ring test where the
                      * page is the last page before a kvm
                      * dirty ring full in iteration N-2.
                      *
                      * Long answer: Assuming ring size R,
                      * one possible condition is:
                      *
                      *      main thr       vcpu thr
                      *      --------       --------
                      *    iter=1
                      *                   write 1 to page 0~(R-1)
                      *                   full, vmexit
                      *    collect 0~(R-1)
                      *    kick vcpu
                      *                   write 1 to (R-1)~(2R-2)
                      *                   full, vmexit
                      *    iter=2
                      *    collect (R-1)~(2R-2)
                      *    kick vcpu
                      *                   write 1 to (2R-2)
                      *                   (NOTE!!! "1" cached in cpu reg)
                      *                   write 2 to (2R-1)~(3R-3)
                      *                   full, vmexit
                      *    iter=3
                      *    collect (2R-2)~(3R-3)
                      *    (here if we read value on page
                      *     "2R-2" is 1, while iter=3!!!)
                      *
                      * This however can only happen once per iteration.
                      */
                     min_iter = iteration - 1;
                     continue;
                 } else if (page == dirty_ring_last_page) {
                     /*
                      * Please refer to comments in
                      * dirty_ring_last_page.
                      */
                     continue;
                 }
             }
 
             TEST_ASSERT(matched,
                     "Set page %"PRIu64" value %"PRIu64
                     " incorrect (iteration=%"PRIu64")",
                     page, *value_ptr, iteration);
         } else {
             host_clear_count++;
             /*
              * If cleared, the value written can be any
              * value smaller or equals to the iteration
              * number.  Note that the value can be exactly
              * (iteration-1) if that write can happen
              * like this:
              *
              * (1) increase loop count to "iteration-1"
              * (2) write to page P happens (with value
              *     "iteration-1")
              * (3) get dirty log for "iteration-1"; we'll
              *     see that page P bit is set (dirtied),
              *     and not set the bit in host_bmap_track
              * (4) increase loop count to "iteration"
              *     (which is current iteration)
              * (5) get dirty log for current iteration,
              *     we'll see that page P is cleared, with
              *     value "iteration-1".
              */
             TEST_ASSERT(*value_ptr <= iteration,
                     "Clear page %"PRIu64" value %"PRIu64
                     " incorrect (iteration=%"PRIu64")",
                     page, *value_ptr, iteration);
             if (*value_ptr == iteration) {
                 /*
                  * This page is _just_ modified; it
                  * should report its dirtyness in the
                  * next run
                  */
                 set_bit_le(page, host_bmap_track);
             }
         }
     }
 }
 
 static struct kvm_vm *create_vm(enum vm_guest_mode mode, struct kvm_vcpu **vcpu,
                 uint64_t extra_mem_pages, void *guest_code)
 {
     struct kvm_vm *vm;
 
     pr_info("Testing guest mode: %s\n", vm_guest_mode_string(mode));
 
     vm = __vm_create(mode, 1, extra_mem_pages);
 
     log_mode_create_vm_done(vm);
     *vcpu = vm_vcpu_add(vm, 0, guest_code);
     return vm;
 }
 
 #define DIRTY_MEM_BITS 30 /* 1G */
 #define PAGE_SHIFT_4K  12
 
 struct test_params {
     unsigned long iterations;
     unsigned long interval;
     uint64_t phys_offset;
 };
 
 static void run_test(enum vm_guest_mode mode, void *arg)
 {
     struct test_params *p = arg;
     struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu;
     struct kvm_vm *vm;
     unsigned long *bmap;
 
     if (!log_mode_supported()) {
         print_skip("Log mode '%s' not supported",
                log_modes[host_log_mode].name);
         return;
     }
 
     /*
      * We reserve page table for 2 times of extra dirty mem which
      * will definitely cover the original (1G+) test range.  Here
      * we do the calculation with 4K page size which is the
      * smallest so the page number will be enough for all archs
      * (e.g., 64K page size guest will need even less memory for
      * page tables).
      */
     vm = create_vm(mode, &vcpu,
                2ul << (DIRTY_MEM_BITS - PAGE_SHIFT_4K), guest_code);
 
     guest_page_size = vm->page_size;
     /*
      * A little more than 1G of guest page sized pages.  Cover the
      * case where the size is not aligned to 64 pages.
      */
     guest_num_pages = (1ul << (DIRTY_MEM_BITS - vm->page_shift)) + 3;
     guest_num_pages = vm_adjust_num_guest_pages(mode, guest_num_pages);
 
     host_page_size = getpagesize();
     host_num_pages = vm_num_host_pages(mode, guest_num_pages);
 
     if (!p->phys_offset) {
         guest_test_phys_mem = (vm->max_gfn - guest_num_pages) *
                       guest_page_size;
         guest_test_phys_mem = align_down(guest_test_phys_mem, host_page_size);
     } else {
         guest_test_phys_mem = p->phys_offset;
     }
 
 #ifdef __s390x__
     /* Align to 1M (segment size) */
     guest_test_phys_mem = align_down(guest_test_phys_mem, 1 << 20);
 #endif
 
     pr_info("guest physical test memory offset: 0x%lx\n", guest_test_phys_mem);
 
     bmap = bitmap_zalloc(host_num_pages);
     host_bmap_track = bitmap_zalloc(host_num_pages);
 
     /* Add an extra memory slot for testing dirty logging */
     vm_userspace_mem_region_add(vm, VM_MEM_SRC_ANONYMOUS,
                     guest_test_phys_mem,
                     TEST_MEM_SLOT_INDEX,
                     guest_num_pages,
                     KVM_MEM_LOG_DIRTY_PAGES);
 
     /* Do mapping for the dirty track memory slot */
     virt_map(vm, guest_test_virt_mem, guest_test_phys_mem, guest_num_pages);
 
     /* Cache the HVA pointer of the region */
     host_test_mem = addr_gpa2hva(vm, (vm_paddr_t)guest_test_phys_mem);
 
     ucall_init(vm, NULL);
 
     /* Export the shared variables to the guest */
     sync_global_to_guest(vm, host_page_size);
     sync_global_to_guest(vm, guest_page_size);
     sync_global_to_guest(vm, guest_test_virt_mem);
     sync_global_to_guest(vm, guest_num_pages);
 
     /* Start the iterations */
     iteration = 1;
     sync_global_to_guest(vm, iteration);
     host_quit = false;
     host_dirty_count = 0;
     host_clear_count = 0;
     host_track_next_count = 0;
 
     pthread_create(&vcpu_thread, NULL, vcpu_worker, vcpu);
 
     while (iteration < p->iterations) {
         /* Give the vcpu thread some time to dirty some pages */
         usleep(p->interval * 1000);
         log_mode_collect_dirty_pages(vcpu, TEST_MEM_SLOT_INDEX,
                          bmap, host_num_pages);
 
         /*
          * See vcpu_sync_stop_requested definition for details on why
          * we need to stop vcpu when verify data.
          */
         atomic_set(&vcpu_sync_stop_requested, true);
         sem_wait_until(&sem_vcpu_stop);
         /*
          * NOTE: for dirty ring, it's possible that we didn't stop at
          * GUEST_SYNC but instead we stopped because ring is full;
          * that's okay too because ring full means we're only missing
          * the flush of the last page, and since we handle the last
          * page specially verification will succeed anyway.
          */
         assert(host_log_mode == LOG_MODE_DIRTY_RING ||
                atomic_read(&vcpu_sync_stop_requested) == false);
         vm_dirty_log_verify(mode, bmap);
         sem_post(&sem_vcpu_cont);
 
         iteration++;
         sync_global_to_guest(vm, iteration);
     }
 
     /* Tell the vcpu thread to quit */
     host_quit = true;
     log_mode_before_vcpu_join();
     pthread_join(vcpu_thread, NULL);
 
     pr_info("Total bits checked: dirty (%"PRIu64"), clear (%"PRIu64"), "
         "track_next (%"PRIu64")\n", host_dirty_count, host_clear_count,
         host_track_next_count);
 
     free(bmap);
     free(host_bmap_track);
     ucall_uninit(vm);
     kvm_vm_free(vm);
 }
 
 static void help(char *name)
 {
     puts("");
     printf("usage: %s [-h] [-i iterations] [-I interval] "
            "[-p offset] [-m mode]\n", name);
     puts("");
     printf(" -c: specify dirty ring size, in number of entries\n");
     printf("     (only useful for dirty-ring test; default: %"PRIu32")\n",
            TEST_DIRTY_RING_COUNT);
     printf(" -i: specify iteration counts (default: %"PRIu64")\n",
            TEST_HOST_LOOP_N);
     printf(" -I: specify interval in ms (default: %"PRIu64" ms)\n",
            TEST_HOST_LOOP_INTERVAL);
     printf(" -p: specify guest physical test memory offset\n"
            "     Warning: a low offset can conflict with the loaded test code.\n");
     printf(" -M: specify the host logging mode "
            "(default: run all log modes).  Supported modes: \n\t");
     log_modes_dump();
     guest_modes_help();
     puts("");
     exit(0);
 }
 
 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 {
     struct test_params p = {
         .iterations = TEST_HOST_LOOP_N,
         .interval = TEST_HOST_LOOP_INTERVAL,
     };
     int opt, i;
     sigset_t sigset;
 
     sem_init(&sem_vcpu_stop, 0, 0);
     sem_init(&sem_vcpu_cont, 0, 0);
 
     guest_modes_append_default();
 
     while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "c:hi:I:p:m:M:")) != -1) {
         switch (opt) {
         case 'c':
             test_dirty_ring_count = strtol(optarg, NULL, 10);
             break;
         case 'i':
             p.iterations = strtol(optarg, NULL, 10);
             break;
         case 'I':
             p.interval = strtol(optarg, NULL, 10);
             break;
         case 'p':
             p.phys_offset = strtoull(optarg, NULL, 0);
             break;
         case 'm':
             guest_modes_cmdline(optarg);
             break;
         case 'M':
             if (!strcmp(optarg, "all")) {
                 host_log_mode_option = LOG_MODE_ALL;
                 break;
             }
             for (i = 0; i < LOG_MODE_NUM; i++) {
                 if (!strcmp(optarg, log_modes[i].name)) {
                     pr_info("Setting log mode to: '%s'\n",
                         optarg);
                     host_log_mode_option = i;
                     break;
                 }
             }
             if (i == LOG_MODE_NUM) {
                 printf("Log mode '%s' invalid. Please choose "
                        "from: ", optarg);
                 log_modes_dump();
                 exit(1);
             }
             break;
         case 'h':
         default:
             help(argv[0]);
             break;
         }
     }
 
     TEST_ASSERT(p.iterations > 2, "Iterations must be greater than two");
     TEST_ASSERT(p.interval > 0, "Interval must be greater than zero");
 
     pr_info("Test iterations: %"PRIu64", interval: %"PRIu64" (ms)\n",
         p.iterations, p.interval);
 
     srandom(time(0));
 
     /* Ensure that vCPU threads start with SIG_IPI blocked.  */
     sigemptyset(&sigset);
     sigaddset(&sigset, SIG_IPI);
     pthread_sigmask(SIG_BLOCK, &sigset, NULL);
 
     if (host_log_mode_option == LOG_MODE_ALL) {
         /* Run each log mode */
         for (i = 0; i < LOG_MODE_NUM; i++) {
             pr_info("Testing Log Mode '%s'\n", log_modes[i].name);
             host_log_mode = i;
             for_each_guest_mode(run_test, &p);
         }
     } else {
         host_log_mode = host_log_mode_option;
         for_each_guest_mode(run_test, &p);
     }
 
     return 0;
 }

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