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	Version: linux-6.0.1 spark-3.0.0 hadoop-3.2.0-src hadoop-3.3.0-src spark-2.4.7 linux-4.15.13 hadoop-2.7.4-src Revert   Change

 /*
  * builtin-trace.c
  *
  * Builtin 'trace' command:
  *
  * Display a continuously updated trace of any workload, CPU, specific PID,
  * system wide, etc.  Default format is loosely strace like, but any other
  * event may be specified using --event.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 Red Hat Inc, Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
  *
  * Initially based on the 'trace' prototype by Thomas Gleixner:
  *
  * http://lwn.net/Articles/415728/ ("Announcing a new utility: 'trace'")
  */
 
 #include "util/record.h"
 #include <traceevent/event-parse.h>
 #include <api/fs/tracing_path.h>
 #include <bpf/bpf.h>
 #include "util/bpf_map.h"
 #include "util/rlimit.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "util/cgroup.h"
 #include "util/color.h"
 #include "util/config.h"
 #include "util/debug.h"
 #include "util/dso.h"
 #include "util/env.h"
 #include "util/event.h"
 #include "util/evsel.h"
 #include "util/evsel_fprintf.h"
 #include "util/synthetic-events.h"
 #include "util/evlist.h"
 #include "util/evswitch.h"
 #include "util/mmap.h"
 #include <subcmd/pager.h>
 #include <subcmd/exec-cmd.h>
 #include "util/machine.h"
 #include "util/map.h"
 #include "util/symbol.h"
 #include "util/path.h"
 #include "util/session.h"
 #include "util/thread.h"
 #include <subcmd/parse-options.h>
 #include "util/strlist.h"
 #include "util/intlist.h"
 #include "util/thread_map.h"
 #include "util/stat.h"
 #include "util/tool.h"
 #include "util/util.h"
 #include "trace/beauty/beauty.h"
 #include "trace-event.h"
 #include "util/parse-events.h"
 #include "util/bpf-loader.h"
 #include "util/tracepoint.h"
 #include "callchain.h"
 #include "print_binary.h"
 #include "string2.h"
 #include "syscalltbl.h"
 #include "rb_resort.h"
 #include "../perf.h"
 
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <inttypes.h>
 #include <poll.h>
 #include <signal.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <linux/err.h>
 #include <linux/filter.h>
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/random.h>
 #include <linux/stringify.h>
 #include <linux/time64.h>
 #include <linux/zalloc.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <sys/sysmacros.h>
 
 #include <linux/ctype.h>
 #include <perf/mmap.h>
 
 #ifndef O_CLOEXEC
 # define O_CLOEXEC      02000000
 #endif
 
 #ifndef F_LINUX_SPECIFIC_BASE
 # define F_LINUX_SPECIFIC_BASE  1024
 #endif
 
 /*
  * strtoul: Go from a string to a value, i.e. for msr: MSR_FS_BASE to 0xc0000100
  */
 struct syscall_arg_fmt {
     size_t     (*scnprintf)(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg);
     bool       (*strtoul)(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg, u64 *val);
     unsigned long (*mask_val)(struct syscall_arg *arg, unsigned long val);
     void       *parm;
     const char *name;
     u16    nr_entries; // for arrays
     bool       show_zero;
 };
 
 struct syscall_fmt {
     const char *name;
     const char *alias;
     struct {
         const char *sys_enter,
                *sys_exit;
     }      bpf_prog_name;
     struct syscall_arg_fmt arg[6];
     u8     nr_args;
     bool       errpid;
     bool       timeout;
     bool       hexret;
 };
 
 struct trace {
     struct perf_tool    tool;
     struct syscalltbl   *sctbl;
     struct {
         struct syscall  *table;
         struct bpf_map  *map;
         struct { // per syscall BPF_MAP_TYPE_PROG_ARRAY
             struct bpf_map  *sys_enter,
                     *sys_exit;
         }       prog_array;
         struct {
             struct evsel *sys_enter,
                       *sys_exit,
                       *augmented;
         }       events;
         struct bpf_program *unaugmented_prog;
     } syscalls;
     struct {
         struct bpf_map *map;
     } dump;
     struct record_opts  opts;
     struct evlist   *evlist;
     struct machine      *host;
     struct thread       *current;
     struct bpf_object   *bpf_obj;
     struct cgroup       *cgroup;
     u64         base_time;
     FILE            *output;
     unsigned long       nr_events;
     unsigned long       nr_events_printed;
     unsigned long       max_events;
     struct evswitch     evswitch;
     struct strlist      *ev_qualifier;
     struct {
         size_t      nr;
         int     *entries;
     }           ev_qualifier_ids;
     struct {
         size_t      nr;
         pid_t       *entries;
         struct bpf_map  *map;
     }           filter_pids;
     double          duration_filter;
     double          runtime_ms;
     struct {
         u64     vfs_getname,
                 proc_getname;
     } stats;
     unsigned int        max_stack;
     unsigned int        min_stack;
     int         raw_augmented_syscalls_args_size;
     bool            raw_augmented_syscalls;
     bool            fd_path_disabled;
     bool            sort_events;
     bool            not_ev_qualifier;
     bool            live;
     bool            full_time;
     bool            sched;
     bool            multiple_threads;
     bool            summary;
     bool            summary_only;
     bool            errno_summary;
     bool            failure_only;
     bool            show_comm;
     bool            print_sample;
     bool            show_tool_stats;
     bool            trace_syscalls;
     bool            libtraceevent_print;
     bool            kernel_syscallchains;
     s16         args_alignment;
     bool            show_tstamp;
     bool            show_duration;
     bool            show_zeros;
     bool            show_arg_names;
     bool            show_string_prefix;
     bool            force;
     bool            vfs_getname;
     int         trace_pgfaults;
     char            *perfconfig_events;
     struct {
         struct ordered_events   data;
         u64         last;
     } oe;
 };
 
 struct tp_field {
     int offset;
     union {
         u64 (*integer)(struct tp_field *field, struct perf_sample *sample);
         void *(*pointer)(struct tp_field *field, struct perf_sample *sample);
     };
 };
 
 #define TP_UINT_FIELD(bits) \
 static u64 tp_field__u##bits(struct tp_field *field, struct perf_sample *sample) \
 { \
     u##bits value; \
     memcpy(&value, sample->raw_data + field->offset, sizeof(value)); \
     return value;  \
 }
 
 TP_UINT_FIELD(8);
 TP_UINT_FIELD(16);
 TP_UINT_FIELD(32);
 TP_UINT_FIELD(64);
 
 #define TP_UINT_FIELD__SWAPPED(bits) \
 static u64 tp_field__swapped_u##bits(struct tp_field *field, struct perf_sample *sample) \
 { \
     u##bits value; \
     memcpy(&value, sample->raw_data + field->offset, sizeof(value)); \
     return bswap_##bits(value);\
 }
 
 TP_UINT_FIELD__SWAPPED(16);
 TP_UINT_FIELD__SWAPPED(32);
 TP_UINT_FIELD__SWAPPED(64);
 
 static int __tp_field__init_uint(struct tp_field *field, int size, int offset, bool needs_swap)
 {
     field->offset = offset;
 
     switch (size) {
     case 1:
         field->integer = tp_field__u8;
         break;
     case 2:
         field->integer = needs_swap ? tp_field__swapped_u16 : tp_field__u16;
         break;
     case 4:
         field->integer = needs_swap ? tp_field__swapped_u32 : tp_field__u32;
         break;
     case 8:
         field->integer = needs_swap ? tp_field__swapped_u64 : tp_field__u64;
         break;
     default:
         return -1;
     }
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 static int tp_field__init_uint(struct tp_field *field, struct tep_format_field *format_field, bool needs_swap)
 {
     return __tp_field__init_uint(field, format_field->size, format_field->offset, needs_swap);
 }
 
 static void *tp_field__ptr(struct tp_field *field, struct perf_sample *sample)
 {
     return sample->raw_data + field->offset;
 }
 
 static int __tp_field__init_ptr(struct tp_field *field, int offset)
 {
     field->offset = offset;
     field->pointer = tp_field__ptr;
     return 0;
 }
 
 static int tp_field__init_ptr(struct tp_field *field, struct tep_format_field *format_field)
 {
     return __tp_field__init_ptr(field, format_field->offset);
 }
 
 struct syscall_tp {
     struct tp_field id;
     union {
         struct tp_field args, ret;
     };
 };
 
 /*
  * The evsel->priv as used by 'perf trace'
  * sc:  for raw_syscalls:sys_{enter,exit} and syscalls:sys_{enter,exit}_SYSCALLNAME
  * fmt: for all the other tracepoints
  */
 struct evsel_trace {
     struct syscall_tp   sc;
     struct syscall_arg_fmt  *fmt;
 };
 
 static struct evsel_trace *evsel_trace__new(void)
 {
     return zalloc(sizeof(struct evsel_trace));
 }
 
 static void evsel_trace__delete(struct evsel_trace *et)
 {
     if (et == NULL)
         return;
 
     zfree(&et->fmt);
     free(et);
 }
 
 /*
  * Used with raw_syscalls:sys_{enter,exit} and with the
  * syscalls:sys_{enter,exit}_SYSCALL tracepoints
  */
 static inline struct syscall_tp *__evsel__syscall_tp(struct evsel *evsel)
 {
     struct evsel_trace *et = evsel->priv;
 
     return &et->sc;
 }
 
 static struct syscall_tp *evsel__syscall_tp(struct evsel *evsel)
 {
     if (evsel->priv == NULL) {
         evsel->priv = evsel_trace__new();
         if (evsel->priv == NULL)
             return NULL;
     }
 
     return __evsel__syscall_tp(evsel);
 }
 
 /*
  * Used with all the other tracepoints.
  */
 static inline struct syscall_arg_fmt *__evsel__syscall_arg_fmt(struct evsel *evsel)
 {
     struct evsel_trace *et = evsel->priv;
 
     return et->fmt;
 }
 
 static struct syscall_arg_fmt *evsel__syscall_arg_fmt(struct evsel *evsel)
 {
     struct evsel_trace *et = evsel->priv;
 
     if (evsel->priv == NULL) {
         et = evsel->priv = evsel_trace__new();
 
         if (et == NULL)
             return NULL;
     }
 
     if (et->fmt == NULL) {
         et->fmt = calloc(evsel->tp_format->format.nr_fields, sizeof(struct syscall_arg_fmt));
         if (et->fmt == NULL)
             goto out_delete;
     }
 
     return __evsel__syscall_arg_fmt(evsel);
 
 out_delete:
     evsel_trace__delete(evsel->priv);
     evsel->priv = NULL;
     return NULL;
 }
 
 static int evsel__init_tp_uint_field(struct evsel *evsel, struct tp_field *field, const char *name)
 {
     struct tep_format_field *format_field = evsel__field(evsel, name);
 
     if (format_field == NULL)
         return -1;
 
     return tp_field__init_uint(field, format_field, evsel->needs_swap);
 }
 
 #define perf_evsel__init_sc_tp_uint_field(evsel, name) \
     ({ struct syscall_tp *sc = __evsel__syscall_tp(evsel);\
        evsel__init_tp_uint_field(evsel, &sc->name, #name); })
 
 static int evsel__init_tp_ptr_field(struct evsel *evsel, struct tp_field *field, const char *name)
 {
     struct tep_format_field *format_field = evsel__field(evsel, name);
 
     if (format_field == NULL)
         return -1;
 
     return tp_field__init_ptr(field, format_field);
 }
 
 #define perf_evsel__init_sc_tp_ptr_field(evsel, name) \
     ({ struct syscall_tp *sc = __evsel__syscall_tp(evsel);\
        evsel__init_tp_ptr_field(evsel, &sc->name, #name); })
 
 static void evsel__delete_priv(struct evsel *evsel)
 {
     zfree(&evsel->priv);
     evsel__delete(evsel);
 }
 
 static int evsel__init_syscall_tp(struct evsel *evsel)
 {
     struct syscall_tp *sc = evsel__syscall_tp(evsel);
 
     if (sc != NULL) {
         if (evsel__init_tp_uint_field(evsel, &sc->id, "__syscall_nr") &&
             evsel__init_tp_uint_field(evsel, &sc->id, "nr"))
             return -ENOENT;
         return 0;
     }
 
     return -ENOMEM;
 }
 
 static int evsel__init_augmented_syscall_tp(struct evsel *evsel, struct evsel *tp)
 {
     struct syscall_tp *sc = evsel__syscall_tp(evsel);
 
     if (sc != NULL) {
         struct tep_format_field *syscall_id = evsel__field(tp, "id");
         if (syscall_id == NULL)
             syscall_id = evsel__field(tp, "__syscall_nr");
         if (syscall_id == NULL ||
             __tp_field__init_uint(&sc->id, syscall_id->size, syscall_id->offset, evsel->needs_swap))
             return -EINVAL;
 
         return 0;
     }
 
     return -ENOMEM;
 }
 
 static int evsel__init_augmented_syscall_tp_args(struct evsel *evsel)
 {
     struct syscall_tp *sc = __evsel__syscall_tp(evsel);
 
     return __tp_field__init_ptr(&sc->args, sc->id.offset + sizeof(u64));
 }
 
 static int evsel__init_augmented_syscall_tp_ret(struct evsel *evsel)
 {
     struct syscall_tp *sc = __evsel__syscall_tp(evsel);
 
     return __tp_field__init_uint(&sc->ret, sizeof(u64), sc->id.offset + sizeof(u64), evsel->needs_swap);
 }
 
 static int evsel__init_raw_syscall_tp(struct evsel *evsel, void *handler)
 {
     if (evsel__syscall_tp(evsel) != NULL) {
         if (perf_evsel__init_sc_tp_uint_field(evsel, id))
             return -ENOENT;
 
         evsel->handler = handler;
         return 0;
     }
 
     return -ENOMEM;
 }
 
 static struct evsel *perf_evsel__raw_syscall_newtp(const char *direction, void *handler)
 {
     struct evsel *evsel = evsel__newtp("raw_syscalls", direction);
 
     /* older kernel (e.g., RHEL6) use syscalls:{enter,exit} */
     if (IS_ERR(evsel))
         evsel = evsel__newtp("syscalls", direction);
 
     if (IS_ERR(evsel))
         return NULL;
 
     if (evsel__init_raw_syscall_tp(evsel, handler))
         goto out_delete;
 
     return evsel;
 
 out_delete:
     evsel__delete_priv(evsel);
     return NULL;
 }
 
 #define perf_evsel__sc_tp_uint(evsel, name, sample) \
     ({ struct syscall_tp *fields = __evsel__syscall_tp(evsel); \
        fields->name.integer(&fields->name, sample); })
 
 #define perf_evsel__sc_tp_ptr(evsel, name, sample) \
     ({ struct syscall_tp *fields = __evsel__syscall_tp(evsel); \
        fields->name.pointer(&fields->name, sample); })
 
 size_t strarray__scnprintf_suffix(struct strarray *sa, char *bf, size_t size, const char *intfmt, bool show_suffix, int val)
 {
     int idx = val - sa->offset;
 
     if (idx < 0 || idx >= sa->nr_entries || sa->entries[idx] == NULL) {
         size_t printed = scnprintf(bf, size, intfmt, val);
         if (show_suffix)
             printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, " /* %s??? */", sa->prefix);
         return printed;
     }
 
     return scnprintf(bf, size, "%s%s", sa->entries[idx], show_suffix ? sa->prefix : "");
 }
 
 size_t strarray__scnprintf(struct strarray *sa, char *bf, size_t size, const char *intfmt, bool show_prefix, int val)
 {
     int idx = val - sa->offset;
 
     if (idx < 0 || idx >= sa->nr_entries || sa->entries[idx] == NULL) {
         size_t printed = scnprintf(bf, size, intfmt, val);
         if (show_prefix)
             printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, " /* %s??? */", sa->prefix);
         return printed;
     }
 
     return scnprintf(bf, size, "%s%s", show_prefix ? sa->prefix : "", sa->entries[idx]);
 }
 
 static size_t __syscall_arg__scnprintf_strarray(char *bf, size_t size,
                         const char *intfmt,
                             struct syscall_arg *arg)
 {
     return strarray__scnprintf(arg->parm, bf, size, intfmt, arg->show_string_prefix, arg->val);
 }
 
 static size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_strarray(char *bf, size_t size,
                           struct syscall_arg *arg)
 {
     return __syscall_arg__scnprintf_strarray(bf, size, "%d", arg);
 }
 
 #define SCA_STRARRAY syscall_arg__scnprintf_strarray
 
 bool syscall_arg__strtoul_strarray(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg, u64 *ret)
 {
     return strarray__strtoul(arg->parm, bf, size, ret);
 }
 
 bool syscall_arg__strtoul_strarray_flags(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg, u64 *ret)
 {
     return strarray__strtoul_flags(arg->parm, bf, size, ret);
 }
 
 bool syscall_arg__strtoul_strarrays(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg, u64 *ret)
 {
     return strarrays__strtoul(arg->parm, bf, size, ret);
 }
 
 size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_strarray_flags(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg)
 {
     return strarray__scnprintf_flags(arg->parm, bf, size, arg->show_string_prefix, arg->val);
 }
 
 size_t strarrays__scnprintf(struct strarrays *sas, char *bf, size_t size, const char *intfmt, bool show_prefix, int val)
 {
     size_t printed;
     int i;
 
     for (i = 0; i < sas->nr_entries; ++i) {
         struct strarray *sa = sas->entries[i];
         int idx = val - sa->offset;
 
         if (idx >= 0 && idx < sa->nr_entries) {
             if (sa->entries[idx] == NULL)
                 break;
             return scnprintf(bf, size, "%s%s", show_prefix ? sa->prefix : "", sa->entries[idx]);
         }
     }
 
     printed = scnprintf(bf, size, intfmt, val);
     if (show_prefix)
         printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, " /* %s??? */", sas->entries[0]->prefix);
     return printed;
 }
 
 bool strarray__strtoul(struct strarray *sa, char *bf, size_t size, u64 *ret)
 {
     int i;
 
     for (i = 0; i < sa->nr_entries; ++i) {
         if (sa->entries[i] && strncmp(sa->entries[i], bf, size) == 0 && sa->entries[i][size] == '\0') {
             *ret = sa->offset + i;
             return true;
         }
     }
 
     return false;
 }
 
 bool strarray__strtoul_flags(struct strarray *sa, char *bf, size_t size, u64 *ret)
 {
     u64 val = 0;
     char *tok = bf, *sep, *end;
 
     *ret = 0;
 
     while (size != 0) {
         int toklen = size;
 
         sep = memchr(tok, '|', size);
         if (sep != NULL) {
             size -= sep - tok + 1;
 
             end = sep - 1;
             while (end > tok && isspace(*end))
                 --end;
 
             toklen = end - tok + 1;
         }
 
         while (isspace(*tok))
             ++tok;
 
         if (isalpha(*tok) || *tok == '_') {
             if (!strarray__strtoul(sa, tok, toklen, &val))
                 return false;
         } else {
             bool is_hexa = tok[0] == 0 && (tok[1] = 'x' || tok[1] == 'X');
 
             val = strtoul(tok, NULL, is_hexa ? 16 : 0);
         }
 
         *ret |= (1 << (val - 1));
 
         if (sep == NULL)
             break;
         tok = sep + 1;
     }
 
     return true;
 }
 
 bool strarrays__strtoul(struct strarrays *sas, char *bf, size_t size, u64 *ret)
 {
     int i;
 
     for (i = 0; i < sas->nr_entries; ++i) {
         struct strarray *sa = sas->entries[i];
 
         if (strarray__strtoul(sa, bf, size, ret))
             return true;
     }
 
     return false;
 }
 
 size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_strarrays(char *bf, size_t size,
                     struct syscall_arg *arg)
 {
     return strarrays__scnprintf(arg->parm, bf, size, "%d", arg->show_string_prefix, arg->val);
 }
 
 #ifndef AT_FDCWD
 #define AT_FDCWD    -100
 #endif
 
 static size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_fd_at(char *bf, size_t size,
                        struct syscall_arg *arg)
 {
     int fd = arg->val;
     const char *prefix = "AT_FD";
 
     if (fd == AT_FDCWD)
         return scnprintf(bf, size, "%s%s", arg->show_string_prefix ? prefix : "", "CWD");
 
     return syscall_arg__scnprintf_fd(bf, size, arg);
 }
 
 #define SCA_FDAT syscall_arg__scnprintf_fd_at
 
 static size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_close_fd(char *bf, size_t size,
                           struct syscall_arg *arg);
 
 #define SCA_CLOSE_FD syscall_arg__scnprintf_close_fd
 
 size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_hex(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg)
 {
     return scnprintf(bf, size, "%#lx", arg->val);
 }
 
 size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_ptr(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg)
 {
     if (arg->val == 0)
         return scnprintf(bf, size, "NULL");
     return syscall_arg__scnprintf_hex(bf, size, arg);
 }
 
 size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_int(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg)
 {
     return scnprintf(bf, size, "%d", arg->val);
 }
 
 size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_long(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg)
 {
     return scnprintf(bf, size, "%ld", arg->val);
 }
 
 static size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_char_array(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg)
 {
     // XXX Hey, maybe for sched:sched_switch prev/next comm fields we can
     //     fill missing comms using thread__set_comm()...
     //     here or in a special syscall_arg__scnprintf_pid_sched_tp...
     return scnprintf(bf, size, "\"%-.*s\"", arg->fmt->nr_entries ?: arg->len, arg->val);
 }
 
 #define SCA_CHAR_ARRAY syscall_arg__scnprintf_char_array
 
 static const char *bpf_cmd[] = {
     "MAP_CREATE", "MAP_LOOKUP_ELEM", "MAP_UPDATE_ELEM", "MAP_DELETE_ELEM",
     "MAP_GET_NEXT_KEY", "PROG_LOAD", "OBJ_PIN", "OBJ_GET", "PROG_ATTACH",
     "PROG_DETACH", "PROG_TEST_RUN", "PROG_GET_NEXT_ID", "MAP_GET_NEXT_ID",
     "PROG_GET_FD_BY_ID", "MAP_GET_FD_BY_ID", "OBJ_GET_INFO_BY_FD",
     "PROG_QUERY", "RAW_TRACEPOINT_OPEN", "BTF_LOAD", "BTF_GET_FD_BY_ID",
     "TASK_FD_QUERY", "MAP_LOOKUP_AND_DELETE_ELEM", "MAP_FREEZE",
     "BTF_GET_NEXT_ID", "MAP_LOOKUP_BATCH", "MAP_LOOKUP_AND_DELETE_BATCH",
     "MAP_UPDATE_BATCH", "MAP_DELETE_BATCH", "LINK_CREATE", "LINK_UPDATE",
     "LINK_GET_FD_BY_ID", "LINK_GET_NEXT_ID", "ENABLE_STATS", "ITER_CREATE",
     "LINK_DETACH", "PROG_BIND_MAP",
 };
 static DEFINE_STRARRAY(bpf_cmd, "BPF_");
 
 static const char *fsmount_flags[] = {
     [1] = "CLOEXEC",
 };
 static DEFINE_STRARRAY(fsmount_flags, "FSMOUNT_");
 
 #include "trace/beauty/generated/fsconfig_arrays.c"
 
 static DEFINE_STRARRAY(fsconfig_cmds, "FSCONFIG_");
 
 static const char *epoll_ctl_ops[] = { "ADD", "DEL", "MOD", };
 static DEFINE_STRARRAY_OFFSET(epoll_ctl_ops, "EPOLL_CTL_", 1);
 
 static const char *itimers[] = { "REAL", "VIRTUAL", "PROF", };
 static DEFINE_STRARRAY(itimers, "ITIMER_");
 
 static const char *keyctl_options[] = {
     "GET_KEYRING_ID", "JOIN_SESSION_KEYRING", "UPDATE", "REVOKE", "CHOWN",
     "SETPERM", "DESCRIBE", "CLEAR", "LINK", "UNLINK", "SEARCH", "READ",
     "INSTANTIATE", "NEGATE", "SET_REQKEY_KEYRING", "SET_TIMEOUT",
     "ASSUME_AUTHORITY", "GET_SECURITY", "SESSION_TO_PARENT", "REJECT",
     "INSTANTIATE_IOV", "INVALIDATE", "GET_PERSISTENT",
 };
 static DEFINE_STRARRAY(keyctl_options, "KEYCTL_");
 
 static const char *whences[] = { "SET", "CUR", "END",
 #ifdef SEEK_DATA
 "DATA",
 #endif
 #ifdef SEEK_HOLE
 "HOLE",
 #endif
 };
 static DEFINE_STRARRAY(whences, "SEEK_");
 
 static const char *fcntl_cmds[] = {
     "DUPFD", "GETFD", "SETFD", "GETFL", "SETFL", "GETLK", "SETLK",
     "SETLKW", "SETOWN", "GETOWN", "SETSIG", "GETSIG", "GETLK64",
     "SETLK64", "SETLKW64", "SETOWN_EX", "GETOWN_EX",
     "GETOWNER_UIDS",
 };
 static DEFINE_STRARRAY(fcntl_cmds, "F_");
 
 static const char *fcntl_linux_specific_cmds[] = {
     "SETLEASE", "GETLEASE", "NOTIFY", [5] = "CANCELLK", "DUPFD_CLOEXEC",
     "SETPIPE_SZ", "GETPIPE_SZ", "ADD_SEALS", "GET_SEALS",
     "GET_RW_HINT", "SET_RW_HINT", "GET_FILE_RW_HINT", "SET_FILE_RW_HINT",
 };
 
 static DEFINE_STRARRAY_OFFSET(fcntl_linux_specific_cmds, "F_", F_LINUX_SPECIFIC_BASE);
 
 static struct strarray *fcntl_cmds_arrays[] = {
     &strarray__fcntl_cmds,
     &strarray__fcntl_linux_specific_cmds,
 };
 
 static DEFINE_STRARRAYS(fcntl_cmds_arrays);
 
 static const char *rlimit_resources[] = {
     "CPU", "FSIZE", "DATA", "STACK", "CORE", "RSS", "NPROC", "NOFILE",
     "MEMLOCK", "AS", "LOCKS", "SIGPENDING", "MSGQUEUE", "NICE", "RTPRIO",
     "RTTIME",
 };
 static DEFINE_STRARRAY(rlimit_resources, "RLIMIT_");
 
 static const char *sighow[] = { "BLOCK", "UNBLOCK", "SETMASK", };
 static DEFINE_STRARRAY(sighow, "SIG_");
 
 static const char *clockid[] = {
     "REALTIME", "MONOTONIC", "PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID", "THREAD_CPUTIME_ID",
     "MONOTONIC_RAW", "REALTIME_COARSE", "MONOTONIC_COARSE", "BOOTTIME",
     "REALTIME_ALARM", "BOOTTIME_ALARM", "SGI_CYCLE", "TAI"
 };
 static DEFINE_STRARRAY(clockid, "CLOCK_");
 
 static size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_access_mode(char *bf, size_t size,
                          struct syscall_arg *arg)
 {
     bool show_prefix = arg->show_string_prefix;
     const char *suffix = "_OK";
     size_t printed = 0;
     int mode = arg->val;
 
     if (mode == F_OK) /* 0 */
         return scnprintf(bf, size, "F%s", show_prefix ? suffix : "");
 #define P_MODE(n) \
     if (mode & n##_OK) { \
         printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, "%s%s", #n, show_prefix ? suffix : ""); \
         mode &= ~n##_OK; \
     }
 
     P_MODE(R);
     P_MODE(W);
     P_MODE(X);
 #undef P_MODE
 
     if (mode)
         printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, "|%#x", mode);
 
     return printed;
 }
 
 #define SCA_ACCMODE syscall_arg__scnprintf_access_mode
 
 static size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_filename(char *bf, size_t size,
                           struct syscall_arg *arg);
 
 #define SCA_FILENAME syscall_arg__scnprintf_filename
 
 static size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_pipe_flags(char *bf, size_t size,
                         struct syscall_arg *arg)
 {
     bool show_prefix = arg->show_string_prefix;
     const char *prefix = "O_";
     int printed = 0, flags = arg->val;
 
 #define P_FLAG(n) \
     if (flags & O_##n) { \
         printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, "%s%s%s", printed ? "|" : "", show_prefix ? prefix : "", #n); \
         flags &= ~O_##n; \
     }
 
     P_FLAG(CLOEXEC);
     P_FLAG(NONBLOCK);
 #undef P_FLAG
 
     if (flags)
         printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, "%s%#x", printed ? "|" : "", flags);
 
     return printed;
 }
 
 #define SCA_PIPE_FLAGS syscall_arg__scnprintf_pipe_flags
 
 #ifndef GRND_NONBLOCK
 #define GRND_NONBLOCK   0x0001
 #endif
 #ifndef GRND_RANDOM
 #define GRND_RANDOM 0x0002
 #endif
 
 static size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_getrandom_flags(char *bf, size_t size,
                            struct syscall_arg *arg)
 {
     bool show_prefix = arg->show_string_prefix;
     const char *prefix = "GRND_";
     int printed = 0, flags = arg->val;
 
 #define P_FLAG(n) \
     if (flags & GRND_##n) { \
         printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, "%s%s%s", printed ? "|" : "", show_prefix ? prefix : "", #n); \
         flags &= ~GRND_##n; \
     }
 
     P_FLAG(RANDOM);
     P_FLAG(NONBLOCK);
 #undef P_FLAG
 
     if (flags)
         printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, "%s%#x", printed ? "|" : "", flags);
 
     return printed;
 }
 
 #define SCA_GETRANDOM_FLAGS syscall_arg__scnprintf_getrandom_flags
 
 #define STRARRAY(name, array) \
       { .scnprintf  = SCA_STRARRAY, \
         .strtoul    = STUL_STRARRAY, \
         .parm   = &strarray__##array, }
 
 #define STRARRAY_FLAGS(name, array) \
       { .scnprintf  = SCA_STRARRAY_FLAGS, \
         .strtoul    = STUL_STRARRAY_FLAGS, \
         .parm   = &strarray__##array, }
 
 #include "trace/beauty/arch_errno_names.c"
 #include "trace/beauty/eventfd.c"
 #include "trace/beauty/futex_op.c"
 #include "trace/beauty/futex_val3.c"
 #include "trace/beauty/mmap.c"
 #include "trace/beauty/mode_t.c"
 #include "trace/beauty/msg_flags.c"
 #include "trace/beauty/open_flags.c"
 #include "trace/beauty/perf_event_open.c"
 #include "trace/beauty/pid.c"
 #include "trace/beauty/sched_policy.c"
 #include "trace/beauty/seccomp.c"
 #include "trace/beauty/signum.c"
 #include "trace/beauty/socket_type.c"
 #include "trace/beauty/waitid_options.c"
 
 static struct syscall_fmt syscall_fmts[] = {
     { .name     = "access",
       .arg = { [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_ACCMODE,  /* mode */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "arch_prctl",
       .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_X86_ARCH_PRCTL_CODE, /* code */ },
            [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_PTR, /* arg2 */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "bind",
       .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_INT, /* fd */ },
            [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SOCKADDR, /* umyaddr */ },
            [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_INT, /* addrlen */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "bpf",
       .arg = { [0] = STRARRAY(cmd, bpf_cmd), }, },
     { .name     = "brk",        .hexret = true,
       .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_PTR, /* brk */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "clock_gettime",
       .arg = { [0] = STRARRAY(clk_id, clockid), }, },
     { .name     = "clone",      .errpid = true, .nr_args = 5,
       .arg = { [0] = { .name = "flags",     .scnprintf = SCA_CLONE_FLAGS, },
            [1] = { .name = "child_stack",   .scnprintf = SCA_HEX, },
            [2] = { .name = "parent_tidptr", .scnprintf = SCA_HEX, },
            [3] = { .name = "child_tidptr",  .scnprintf = SCA_HEX, },
            [4] = { .name = "tls",       .scnprintf = SCA_HEX, }, }, },
     { .name     = "close",
       .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_CLOSE_FD, /* fd */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "connect",
       .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_INT, /* fd */ },
            [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SOCKADDR, /* servaddr */ },
            [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_INT, /* addrlen */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "epoll_ctl",
       .arg = { [1] = STRARRAY(op, epoll_ctl_ops), }, },
     { .name     = "eventfd2",
       .arg = { [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_EFD_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "fchmodat",
       .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* fd */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "fchownat",
       .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* fd */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "fcntl",
       .arg = { [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FCNTL_CMD,  /* cmd */
                .strtoul   = STUL_STRARRAYS,
                .parm      = &strarrays__fcntl_cmds_arrays,
                .show_zero = true, },
            [2] = { .scnprintf =  SCA_FCNTL_ARG, /* arg */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "flock",
       .arg = { [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FLOCK, /* cmd */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "fsconfig",
       .arg = { [1] = STRARRAY(cmd, fsconfig_cmds), }, },
     { .name     = "fsmount",
       .arg = { [1] = STRARRAY_FLAGS(flags, fsmount_flags),
            [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FSMOUNT_ATTR_FLAGS, /* attr_flags */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "fspick",
       .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT,     /* dfd */ },
            [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FILENAME,     /* path */ },
            [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FSPICK_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "fstat", .alias = "newfstat", },
     { .name     = "fstatat", .alias = "newfstatat", },
     { .name     = "futex",
       .arg = { [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FUTEX_OP, /* op */ },
            [5] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FUTEX_VAL3, /* val3 */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "futimesat",
       .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* fd */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "getitimer",
       .arg = { [0] = STRARRAY(which, itimers), }, },
     { .name     = "getpid",     .errpid = true, },
     { .name     = "getpgid",    .errpid = true, },
     { .name     = "getppid",    .errpid = true, },
     { .name     = "getrandom",
       .arg = { [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_GETRANDOM_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "getrlimit",
       .arg = { [0] = STRARRAY(resource, rlimit_resources), }, },
     { .name     = "getsockopt",
       .arg = { [1] = STRARRAY(level, socket_level), }, },
     { .name     = "gettid",     .errpid = true, },
     { .name     = "ioctl",
       .arg = {
 #if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)
 /*
  * FIXME: Make this available to all arches.
  */
            [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_IOCTL_CMD, /* cmd */ },
            [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_HEX, /* arg */ }, }, },
 #else
            [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_HEX, /* arg */ }, }, },
 #endif
     { .name     = "kcmp",       .nr_args = 5,
       .arg = { [0] = { .name = "pid1",  .scnprintf = SCA_PID, },
            [1] = { .name = "pid2",  .scnprintf = SCA_PID, },
            [2] = { .name = "type",  .scnprintf = SCA_KCMP_TYPE, },
            [3] = { .name = "idx1",  .scnprintf = SCA_KCMP_IDX, },
            [4] = { .name = "idx2",  .scnprintf = SCA_KCMP_IDX, }, }, },
     { .name     = "keyctl",
       .arg = { [0] = STRARRAY(option, keyctl_options), }, },
     { .name     = "kill",
       .arg = { [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SIGNUM, /* sig */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "linkat",
       .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* fd */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "lseek",
       .arg = { [2] = STRARRAY(whence, whences), }, },
     { .name     = "lstat", .alias = "newlstat", },
     { .name     = "madvise",
       .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_HEX,      /* start */ },
            [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MADV_BHV, /* behavior */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "mkdirat",
       .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* fd */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "mknodat",
       .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* fd */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "mmap",       .hexret = true,
 /* The standard mmap maps to old_mmap on s390x */
 #if defined(__s390x__)
     .alias = "old_mmap",
 #endif
       .arg = { [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MMAP_PROT,  /* prot */ },
            [3] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MMAP_FLAGS, /* flags */
                .strtoul   = STUL_STRARRAY_FLAGS,
                .parm      = &strarray__mmap_flags, },
            [5] = { .scnprintf = SCA_HEX,    /* offset */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "mount",
       .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FILENAME, /* dev_name */ },
            [3] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MOUNT_FLAGS, /* flags */
                .mask_val  = SCAMV_MOUNT_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "move_mount",
       .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT,   /* from_dfd */ },
            [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FILENAME, /* from_pathname */ },
            [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT,   /* to_dfd */ },
            [3] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FILENAME, /* to_pathname */ },
            [4] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MOVE_MOUNT_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "mprotect",
       .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_HEX,    /* start */ },
            [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MMAP_PROT,  /* prot */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "mq_unlink",
       .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FILENAME, /* u_name */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "mremap",     .hexret = true,
       .arg = { [3] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MREMAP_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "name_to_handle_at",
       .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* dfd */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "newfstatat",
       .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* dfd */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "open",
       .arg = { [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_OPEN_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "open_by_handle_at",
       .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT,   /* dfd */ },
            [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_OPEN_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "openat",
       .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT,   /* dfd */ },
            [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_OPEN_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "perf_event_open",
       .arg = { [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_INT,    /* cpu */ },
            [3] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FD,     /* group_fd */ },
            [4] = { .scnprintf = SCA_PERF_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "pipe2",
       .arg = { [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_PIPE_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "pkey_alloc",
       .arg = { [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_PKEY_ALLOC_ACCESS_RIGHTS,   /* access_rights */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "pkey_free",
       .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_INT,    /* key */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "pkey_mprotect",
       .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_HEX,    /* start */ },
            [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MMAP_PROT,  /* prot */ },
            [3] = { .scnprintf = SCA_INT,    /* pkey */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "poll", .timeout = true, },
     { .name     = "ppoll", .timeout = true, },
     { .name     = "prctl",
       .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_PRCTL_OPTION, /* option */
                .strtoul   = STUL_STRARRAY,
                .parm      = &strarray__prctl_options, },
            [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_PRCTL_ARG2, /* arg2 */ },
            [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_PRCTL_ARG3, /* arg3 */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "pread", .alias = "pread64", },
     { .name     = "preadv", .alias = "pread", },
     { .name     = "prlimit64",
       .arg = { [1] = STRARRAY(resource, rlimit_resources), }, },
     { .name     = "pwrite", .alias = "pwrite64", },
     { .name     = "readlinkat",
       .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* dfd */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "recvfrom",
       .arg = { [3] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MSG_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "recvmmsg",
       .arg = { [3] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MSG_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "recvmsg",
       .arg = { [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MSG_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "renameat",
       .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* olddirfd */ },
            [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* newdirfd */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "renameat2",
       .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* olddirfd */ },
            [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* newdirfd */ },
            [4] = { .scnprintf = SCA_RENAMEAT2_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "rt_sigaction",
       .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SIGNUM, /* sig */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "rt_sigprocmask",
       .arg = { [0] = STRARRAY(how, sighow), }, },
     { .name     = "rt_sigqueueinfo",
       .arg = { [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SIGNUM, /* sig */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "rt_tgsigqueueinfo",
       .arg = { [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SIGNUM, /* sig */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "sched_setscheduler",
       .arg = { [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SCHED_POLICY, /* policy */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "seccomp",
       .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SECCOMP_OP,    /* op */ },
            [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SECCOMP_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "select", .timeout = true, },
     { .name     = "sendfile", .alias = "sendfile64", },
     { .name     = "sendmmsg",
       .arg = { [3] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MSG_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "sendmsg",
       .arg = { [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MSG_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "sendto",
       .arg = { [3] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MSG_FLAGS, /* flags */ },
            [4] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SOCKADDR, /* addr */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "set_tid_address", .errpid = true, },
     { .name     = "setitimer",
       .arg = { [0] = STRARRAY(which, itimers), }, },
     { .name     = "setrlimit",
       .arg = { [0] = STRARRAY(resource, rlimit_resources), }, },
     { .name     = "setsockopt",
       .arg = { [1] = STRARRAY(level, socket_level), }, },
     { .name     = "socket",
       .arg = { [0] = STRARRAY(family, socket_families),
            [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SK_TYPE, /* type */ },
            [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SK_PROTO, /* protocol */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "socketpair",
       .arg = { [0] = STRARRAY(family, socket_families),
            [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SK_TYPE, /* type */ },
            [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SK_PROTO, /* protocol */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "stat", .alias = "newstat", },
     { .name     = "statx",
       .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT,    /* fdat */ },
            [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_STATX_FLAGS, /* flags */ } ,
            [3] = { .scnprintf = SCA_STATX_MASK,  /* mask */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "swapoff",
       .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FILENAME, /* specialfile */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "swapon",
       .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FILENAME, /* specialfile */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "symlinkat",
       .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* dfd */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "sync_file_range",
       .arg = { [3] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SYNC_FILE_RANGE_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "tgkill",
       .arg = { [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SIGNUM, /* sig */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "tkill",
       .arg = { [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SIGNUM, /* sig */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "umount2", .alias = "umount",
       .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FILENAME, /* name */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "uname", .alias = "newuname", },
     { .name     = "unlinkat",
       .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* dfd */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "utimensat",
       .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* dirfd */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "wait4",      .errpid = true,
       .arg = { [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_WAITID_OPTIONS, /* options */ }, }, },
     { .name     = "waitid",     .errpid = true,
       .arg = { [3] = { .scnprintf = SCA_WAITID_OPTIONS, /* options */ }, }, },
 };
 
 static int syscall_fmt__cmp(const void *name, const void *fmtp)
 {
     const struct syscall_fmt *fmt = fmtp;
     return strcmp(name, fmt->name);
 }
 
 static struct syscall_fmt *__syscall_fmt__find(struct syscall_fmt *fmts, const int nmemb, const char *name)
 {
     return bsearch(name, fmts, nmemb, sizeof(struct syscall_fmt), syscall_fmt__cmp);
 }
 
 static struct syscall_fmt *syscall_fmt__find(const char *name)
 {
     const int nmemb = ARRAY_SIZE(syscall_fmts);
     return __syscall_fmt__find(syscall_fmts, nmemb, name);
 }
 
 static struct syscall_fmt *__syscall_fmt__find_by_alias(struct syscall_fmt *fmts, const int nmemb, const char *alias)
 {
     int i;
 
     for (i = 0; i < nmemb; ++i) {
         if (fmts[i].alias && strcmp(fmts[i].alias, alias) == 0)
             return &fmts[i];
     }
 
     return NULL;
 }
 
 static struct syscall_fmt *syscall_fmt__find_by_alias(const char *alias)
 {
     const int nmemb = ARRAY_SIZE(syscall_fmts);
     return __syscall_fmt__find_by_alias(syscall_fmts, nmemb, alias);
 }
 
 /*
  * is_exit: is this "exit" or "exit_group"?
  * is_open: is this "open" or "openat"? To associate the fd returned in sys_exit with the pathname in sys_enter.
  * args_size: sum of the sizes of the syscall arguments, anything after that is augmented stuff: pathname for openat, etc.
  * nonexistent: Just a hole in the syscall table, syscall id not allocated
  */
 struct syscall {
     struct tep_event    *tp_format;
     int         nr_args;
     int         args_size;
     struct {
         struct bpf_program *sys_enter,
                    *sys_exit;
     }           bpf_prog;
     bool            is_exit;
     bool            is_open;
     bool            nonexistent;
     struct tep_format_field *args;
     const char      *name;
     struct syscall_fmt  *fmt;
     struct syscall_arg_fmt *arg_fmt;
 };
 
 /*
  * Must match what is in the BPF program:
  *
  * tools/perf/examples/bpf/augmented_raw_syscalls.c
  */
 struct bpf_map_syscall_entry {
     bool    enabled;
     u16 string_args_len[6];
 };
 
 /*
  * We need to have this 'calculated' boolean because in some cases we really
  * don't know what is the duration of a syscall, for instance, when we start
  * a session and some threads are waiting for a syscall to finish, say 'poll',
  * in which case all we can do is to print "( ? ) for duration and for the
  * start timestamp.
  */
 static size_t fprintf_duration(unsigned long t, bool calculated, FILE *fp)
 {
     double duration = (double)t / NSEC_PER_MSEC;
     size_t printed = fprintf(fp, "(");
 
     if (!calculated)
         printed += fprintf(fp, "         ");
     else if (duration >= 1.0)
         printed += color_fprintf(fp, PERF_COLOR_RED, "%6.3f ms", duration);
     else if (duration >= 0.01)
         printed += color_fprintf(fp, PERF_COLOR_YELLOW, "%6.3f ms", duration);
     else
         printed += color_fprintf(fp, PERF_COLOR_NORMAL, "%6.3f ms", duration);
     return printed + fprintf(fp, "): ");
 }
 
 /**
  * filename.ptr: The filename char pointer that will be vfs_getname'd
  * filename.entry_str_pos: Where to insert the string translated from
  *                         filename.ptr by the vfs_getname tracepoint/kprobe.
  * ret_scnprintf: syscall args may set this to a different syscall return
  *                formatter, for instance, fcntl may return fds, file flags, etc.
  */
 struct thread_trace {
     u64       entry_time;
     bool          entry_pending;
     unsigned long     nr_events;
     unsigned long     pfmaj, pfmin;
     char          *entry_str;
     double        runtime_ms;
     size_t        (*ret_scnprintf)(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg);
         struct {
         unsigned long ptr;
         short int     entry_str_pos;
         bool          pending_open;
         unsigned int  namelen;
         char          *name;
     } filename;
     struct {
         int       max;
         struct file   *table;
     } files;
 
     struct intlist *syscall_stats;
 };
 
 static struct thread_trace *thread_trace__new(void)
 {
     struct thread_trace *ttrace =  zalloc(sizeof(struct thread_trace));
 
     if (ttrace) {
         ttrace->files.max = -1;
         ttrace->syscall_stats = intlist__new(NULL);
     }
 
     return ttrace;
 }
 
 static struct thread_trace *thread__trace(struct thread *thread, FILE *fp)
 {
     struct thread_trace *ttrace;
 
     if (thread == NULL)
         goto fail;
 
     if (thread__priv(thread) == NULL)
         thread__set_priv(thread, thread_trace__new());
 
     if (thread__priv(thread) == NULL)
         goto fail;
 
     ttrace = thread__priv(thread);
     ++ttrace->nr_events;
 
     return ttrace;
 fail:
     color_fprintf(fp, PERF_COLOR_RED,
               "WARNING: not enough memory, dropping samples!\n");
     return NULL;
 }
 
 
 void syscall_arg__set_ret_scnprintf(struct syscall_arg *arg,
                     size_t (*ret_scnprintf)(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg))
 {
     struct thread_trace *ttrace = thread__priv(arg->thread);
 
     ttrace->ret_scnprintf = ret_scnprintf;
 }
 
 #define TRACE_PFMAJ     (1 << 0)
 #define TRACE_PFMIN     (1 << 1)
 
 static const size_t trace__entry_str_size = 2048;
 
 static struct file *thread_trace__files_entry(struct thread_trace *ttrace, int fd)
 {
     if (fd < 0)
         return NULL;
 
     if (fd > ttrace->files.max) {
         struct file *nfiles = realloc(ttrace->files.table, (fd + 1) * sizeof(struct file));
 
         if (nfiles == NULL)
             return NULL;
 
         if (ttrace->files.max != -1) {
             memset(nfiles + ttrace->files.max + 1, 0,
                    (fd - ttrace->files.max) * sizeof(struct file));
         } else {
             memset(nfiles, 0, (fd + 1) * sizeof(struct file));
         }
 
         ttrace->files.table = nfiles;
         ttrace->files.max   = fd;
     }
 
     return ttrace->files.table + fd;
 }
 
 struct file *thread__files_entry(struct thread *thread, int fd)
 {
     return thread_trace__files_entry(thread__priv(thread), fd);
 }
 
 static int trace__set_fd_pathname(struct thread *thread, int fd, const char *pathname)
 {
     struct thread_trace *ttrace = thread__priv(thread);
     struct file *file = thread_trace__files_entry(ttrace, fd);
 
     if (file != NULL) {
         struct stat st;
         if (stat(pathname, &st) == 0)
             file->dev_maj = major(st.st_rdev);
         file->pathname = strdup(pathname);
         if (file->pathname)
             return 0;
     }
 
     return -1;
 }
 
 static int thread__read_fd_path(struct thread *thread, int fd)
 {
     char linkname[PATH_MAX], pathname[PATH_MAX];
     struct stat st;
     int ret;
 
     if (thread->pid_ == thread->tid) {
         scnprintf(linkname, sizeof(linkname),
               "/proc/%d/fd/%d", thread->pid_, fd);
     } else {
         scnprintf(linkname, sizeof(linkname),
               "/proc/%d/task/%d/fd/%d", thread->pid_, thread->tid, fd);
     }
 
     if (lstat(linkname, &st) < 0 || st.st_size + 1 > (off_t)sizeof(pathname))
         return -1;
 
     ret = readlink(linkname, pathname, sizeof(pathname));
 
     if (ret < 0 || ret > st.st_size)
         return -1;
 
     pathname[ret] = '\0';
     return trace__set_fd_pathname(thread, fd, pathname);
 }
 
 static const char *thread__fd_path(struct thread *thread, int fd,
                    struct trace *trace)
 {
     struct thread_trace *ttrace = thread__priv(thread);
 
     if (ttrace == NULL || trace->fd_path_disabled)
         return NULL;
 
     if (fd < 0)
         return NULL;
 
     if ((fd > ttrace->files.max || ttrace->files.table[fd].pathname == NULL)) {
         if (!trace->live)
             return NULL;
         ++trace->stats.proc_getname;
         if (thread__read_fd_path(thread, fd))
             return NULL;
     }
 
     return ttrace->files.table[fd].pathname;
 }
 
 size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_fd(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg)
 {
     int fd = arg->val;
     size_t printed = scnprintf(bf, size, "%d", fd);
     const char *path = thread__fd_path(arg->thread, fd, arg->trace);
 
     if (path)
         printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, "<%s>", path);
 
     return printed;
 }
 
 size_t pid__scnprintf_fd(struct trace *trace, pid_t pid, int fd, char *bf, size_t size)
 {
         size_t printed = scnprintf(bf, size, "%d", fd);
     struct thread *thread = machine__find_thread(trace->host, pid, pid);
 
     if (thread) {
         const char *path = thread__fd_path(thread, fd, trace);
 
         if (path)
             printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, "<%s>", path);
 
         thread__put(thread);
     }
 
         return printed;
 }
 
 static size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_close_fd(char *bf, size_t size,
                           struct syscall_arg *arg)
 {
     int fd = arg->val;
     size_t printed = syscall_arg__scnprintf_fd(bf, size, arg);
     struct thread_trace *ttrace = thread__priv(arg->thread);
 
     if (ttrace && fd >= 0 && fd <= ttrace->files.max)
         zfree(&ttrace->files.table[fd].pathname);
 
     return printed;
 }
 
 static void thread__set_filename_pos(struct thread *thread, const char *bf,
                      unsigned long ptr)
 {
     struct thread_trace *ttrace = thread__priv(thread);
 
     ttrace->filename.ptr = ptr;
     ttrace->filename.entry_str_pos = bf - ttrace->entry_str;
 }
 
 static size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_augmented_string(struct syscall_arg *arg, char *bf, size_t size)
 {
     struct augmented_arg *augmented_arg = arg->augmented.args;
     size_t printed = scnprintf(bf, size, "\"%.*s\"", augmented_arg->size, augmented_arg->value);
     /*
      * So that the next arg with a payload can consume its augmented arg, i.e. for rename* syscalls
      * we would have two strings, each prefixed by its size.
      */
     int consumed = sizeof(*augmented_arg) + augmented_arg->size;
 
     arg->augmented.args = ((void *)arg->augmented.args) + consumed;
     arg->augmented.size -= consumed;
 
     return printed;
 }
 
 static size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_filename(char *bf, size_t size,
                           struct syscall_arg *arg)
 {
     unsigned long ptr = arg->val;
 
     if (arg->augmented.args)
         return syscall_arg__scnprintf_augmented_string(arg, bf, size);
 
     if (!arg->trace->vfs_getname)
         return scnprintf(bf, size, "%#x", ptr);
 
     thread__set_filename_pos(arg->thread, bf, ptr);
     return 0;
 }
 
 static bool trace__filter_duration(struct trace *trace, double t)
 {
     return t < (trace->duration_filter * NSEC_PER_MSEC);
 }
 
 static size_t __trace__fprintf_tstamp(struct trace *trace, u64 tstamp, FILE *fp)
 {
     double ts = (double)(tstamp - trace->base_time) / NSEC_PER_MSEC;
 
     return fprintf(fp, "%10.3f ", ts);
 }
 
 /*
  * We're handling tstamp=0 as an undefined tstamp, i.e. like when we are
  * using ttrace->entry_time for a thread that receives a sys_exit without
  * first having received a sys_enter ("poll" issued before tracing session
  * starts, lost sys_enter exit due to ring buffer overflow).
  */
 static size_t trace__fprintf_tstamp(struct trace *trace, u64 tstamp, FILE *fp)
 {
     if (tstamp > 0)
         return __trace__fprintf_tstamp(trace, tstamp, fp);
 
     return fprintf(fp, "         ? ");
 }
 
 static pid_t workload_pid = -1;
 static bool done = false;
 static bool interrupted = false;
 
 static void sighandler_interrupt(int sig __maybe_unused)
 {
     done = interrupted = true;
 }
 
 static void sighandler_chld(int sig __maybe_unused, siginfo_t *info,
                 void *context __maybe_unused)
 {
     if (info->si_pid == workload_pid)
         done = true;
 }
 
 static size_t trace__fprintf_comm_tid(struct trace *trace, struct thread *thread, FILE *fp)
 {
     size_t printed = 0;
 
     if (trace->multiple_threads) {
         if (trace->show_comm)
             printed += fprintf(fp, "%.14s/", thread__comm_str(thread));
         printed += fprintf(fp, "%d ", thread->tid);
     }
 
     return printed;
 }
 
 static size_t trace__fprintf_entry_head(struct trace *trace, struct thread *thread,
                     u64 duration, bool duration_calculated, u64 tstamp, FILE *fp)
 {
     size_t printed = 0;
 
     if (trace->show_tstamp)
         printed = trace__fprintf_tstamp(trace, tstamp, fp);
     if (trace->show_duration)
         printed += fprintf_duration(duration, duration_calculated, fp);
     return printed + trace__fprintf_comm_tid(trace, thread, fp);
 }
 
 static int trace__process_event(struct trace *trace, struct machine *machine,
                 union perf_event *event, struct perf_sample *sample)
 {
     int ret = 0;
 
     switch (event->header.type) {
     case PERF_RECORD_LOST:
         color_fprintf(trace->output, PERF_COLOR_RED,
                   "LOST %" PRIu64 " events!\n", event->lost.lost);
         ret = machine__process_lost_event(machine, event, sample);
         break;
     default:
         ret = machine__process_event(machine, event, sample);
         break;
     }
 
     return ret;
 }
 
 static int trace__tool_process(struct perf_tool *tool,
                    union perf_event *event,
                    struct perf_sample *sample,
                    struct machine *machine)
 {
     struct trace *trace = container_of(tool, struct trace, tool);
     return trace__process_event(trace, machine, event, sample);
 }
 
 static char *trace__machine__resolve_kernel_addr(void *vmachine, unsigned long long *addrp, char **modp)
 {
     struct machine *machine = vmachine;
 
     if (machine->kptr_restrict_warned)
         return NULL;
 
     if (symbol_conf.kptr_restrict) {
         pr_warning("Kernel address maps (/proc/{kallsyms,modules}) are restricted.\n\n"
                "Check /proc/sys/kernel/kptr_restrict and /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid.\n\n"
                "Kernel samples will not be resolved.\n");
         machine->kptr_restrict_warned = true;
         return NULL;
     }
 
     return machine__resolve_kernel_addr(vmachine, addrp, modp);
 }
 
 static int trace__symbols_init(struct trace *trace, struct evlist *evlist)
 {
     int err = symbol__init(NULL);
 
     if (err)
         return err;
 
     trace->host = machine__new_host();
     if (trace->host == NULL)
         return -ENOMEM;
 
     err = trace_event__register_resolver(trace->host, trace__machine__resolve_kernel_addr);
     if (err < 0)
         goto out;
 
     err = __machine__synthesize_threads(trace->host, &trace->tool, &trace->opts.target,
                         evlist->core.threads, trace__tool_process,
                         true, false, 1);
 out:
     if (err)
         symbol__exit();
 
     return err;
 }
 
 static void trace__symbols__exit(struct trace *trace)
 {
     machine__exit(trace->host);
     trace->host = NULL;
 
     symbol__exit();
 }
 
 static int syscall__alloc_arg_fmts(struct syscall *sc, int nr_args)
 {
     int idx;
 
     if (nr_args == 6 && sc->fmt && sc->fmt->nr_args != 0)
         nr_args = sc->fmt->nr_args;
 
     sc->arg_fmt = calloc(nr_args, sizeof(*sc->arg_fmt));
     if (sc->arg_fmt == NULL)
         return -1;
 
     for (idx = 0; idx < nr_args; ++idx) {
         if (sc->fmt)
             sc->arg_fmt[idx] = sc->fmt->arg[idx];
     }
 
     sc->nr_args = nr_args;
     return 0;
 }
 
 static struct syscall_arg_fmt syscall_arg_fmts__by_name[] = {
     { .name = "msr",    .scnprintf = SCA_X86_MSR,     .strtoul = STUL_X86_MSR,     },
     { .name = "vector", .scnprintf = SCA_X86_IRQ_VECTORS, .strtoul = STUL_X86_IRQ_VECTORS, },
 };
 
 static int syscall_arg_fmt__cmp(const void *name, const void *fmtp)
 {
        const struct syscall_arg_fmt *fmt = fmtp;
        return strcmp(name, fmt->name);
 }
 
 static struct syscall_arg_fmt *
 __syscall_arg_fmt__find_by_name(struct syscall_arg_fmt *fmts, const int nmemb, const char *name)
 {
        return bsearch(name, fmts, nmemb, sizeof(struct syscall_arg_fmt), syscall_arg_fmt__cmp);
 }
 
 static struct syscall_arg_fmt *syscall_arg_fmt__find_by_name(const char *name)
 {
        const int nmemb = ARRAY_SIZE(syscall_arg_fmts__by_name);
        return __syscall_arg_fmt__find_by_name(syscall_arg_fmts__by_name, nmemb, name);
 }
 
 static struct tep_format_field *
 syscall_arg_fmt__init_array(struct syscall_arg_fmt *arg, struct tep_format_field *field)
 {
     struct tep_format_field *last_field = NULL;
     int len;
 
     for (; field; field = field->next, ++arg) {
         last_field = field;
 
         if (arg->scnprintf)
             continue;
 
         len = strlen(field->name);
 
         if (strcmp(field->type, "const char *") == 0 &&
             ((len >= 4 && strcmp(field->name + len - 4, "name") == 0) ||
              strstr(field->name, "path") != NULL))
             arg->scnprintf = SCA_FILENAME;
         else if ((field->flags & TEP_FIELD_IS_POINTER) || strstr(field->name, "addr"))
             arg->scnprintf = SCA_PTR;
         else if (strcmp(field->type, "pid_t") == 0)
             arg->scnprintf = SCA_PID;
         else if (strcmp(field->type, "umode_t") == 0)
             arg->scnprintf = SCA_MODE_T;
         else if ((field->flags & TEP_FIELD_IS_ARRAY) && strstr(field->type, "char")) {
             arg->scnprintf = SCA_CHAR_ARRAY;
             arg->nr_entries = field->arraylen;
         } else if ((strcmp(field->type, "int") == 0 ||
               strcmp(field->type, "unsigned int") == 0 ||
               strcmp(field->type, "long") == 0) &&
              len >= 2 && strcmp(field->name + len - 2, "fd") == 0) {
             /*
              * /sys/kernel/tracing/events/syscalls/sys_enter*
              * egrep 'field:.*fd;' .../format|sed -r 's/.*field:([a-z ]+) [a-z_]*fd.+/\1/g'|sort|uniq -c
              * 65 int
              * 23 unsigned int
              * 7 unsigned long
              */
             arg->scnprintf = SCA_FD;
                } else {
             struct syscall_arg_fmt *fmt = syscall_arg_fmt__find_by_name(field->name);
 
             if (fmt) {
                 arg->scnprintf = fmt->scnprintf;
                 arg->strtoul   = fmt->strtoul;
             }
         }
     }
 
     return last_field;
 }
 
 static int syscall__set_arg_fmts(struct syscall *sc)
 {
     struct tep_format_field *last_field = syscall_arg_fmt__init_array(sc->arg_fmt, sc->args);
 
     if (last_field)
         sc->args_size = last_field->offset + last_field->size;
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 static int trace__read_syscall_info(struct trace *trace, int id)
 {
     char tp_name[128];
     struct syscall *sc;
     const char *name = syscalltbl__name(trace->sctbl, id);
 
 #ifdef HAVE_SYSCALL_TABLE_SUPPORT
     if (trace->syscalls.table == NULL) {
         trace->syscalls.table = calloc(trace->sctbl->syscalls.max_id + 1, sizeof(*sc));
         if (trace->syscalls.table == NULL)
             return -ENOMEM;
     }
 #else
     if (id > trace->sctbl->syscalls.max_id || (id == 0 && trace->syscalls.table == NULL)) {
         // When using libaudit we don't know beforehand what is the max syscall id
         struct syscall *table = realloc(trace->syscalls.table, (id + 1) * sizeof(*sc));
 
         if (table == NULL)
             return -ENOMEM;
 
         // Need to memset from offset 0 and +1 members if brand new
         if (trace->syscalls.table == NULL)
             memset(table, 0, (id + 1) * sizeof(*sc));
         else
             memset(table + trace->sctbl->syscalls.max_id + 1, 0, (id - trace->sctbl->syscalls.max_id) * sizeof(*sc));
 
         trace->syscalls.table         = table;
         trace->sctbl->syscalls.max_id = id;
     }
 #endif
     sc = trace->syscalls.table + id;
     if (sc->nonexistent)
         return 0;
 
     if (name == NULL) {
         sc->nonexistent = true;
         return 0;
     }
 
     sc->name = name;
     sc->fmt  = syscall_fmt__find(sc->name);
 
     snprintf(tp_name, sizeof(tp_name), "sys_enter_%s", sc->name);
     sc->tp_format = trace_event__tp_format("syscalls", tp_name);
 
     if (IS_ERR(sc->tp_format) && sc->fmt && sc->fmt->alias) {
         snprintf(tp_name, sizeof(tp_name), "sys_enter_%s", sc->fmt->alias);
         sc->tp_format = trace_event__tp_format("syscalls", tp_name);
     }
 
     if (syscall__alloc_arg_fmts(sc, IS_ERR(sc->tp_format) ? 6 : sc->tp_format->format.nr_fields))
         return -ENOMEM;
 
     if (IS_ERR(sc->tp_format))
         return PTR_ERR(sc->tp_format);
 
     sc->args = sc->tp_format->format.fields;
     /*
      * We need to check and discard the first variable '__syscall_nr'
      * or 'nr' that mean the syscall number. It is needless here.
      * So drop '__syscall_nr' or 'nr' field but does not exist on older kernels.
      */
     if (sc->args && (!strcmp(sc->args->name, "__syscall_nr") || !strcmp(sc->args->name, "nr"))) {
         sc->args = sc->args->next;
         --sc->nr_args;
     }
 
     sc->is_exit = !strcmp(name, "exit_group") || !strcmp(name, "exit");
     sc->is_open = !strcmp(name, "open") || !strcmp(name, "openat");
 
     return syscall__set_arg_fmts(sc);
 }
 
 static int evsel__init_tp_arg_scnprintf(struct evsel *evsel)
 {
     struct syscall_arg_fmt *fmt = evsel__syscall_arg_fmt(evsel);
 
     if (fmt != NULL) {
         syscall_arg_fmt__init_array(fmt, evsel->tp_format->format.fields);
         return 0;
     }
 
     return -ENOMEM;
 }
 
 static int intcmp(const void *a, const void *b)
 {
     const int *one = a, *another = b;
 
     return *one - *another;
 }
 
 static int trace__validate_ev_qualifier(struct trace *trace)
 {
     int err = 0;
     bool printed_invalid_prefix = false;
     struct str_node *pos;
     size_t nr_used = 0, nr_allocated = strlist__nr_entries(trace->ev_qualifier);
 
     trace->ev_qualifier_ids.entries = malloc(nr_allocated *
                          sizeof(trace->ev_qualifier_ids.entries[0]));
 
     if (trace->ev_qualifier_ids.entries == NULL) {
         fputs("Error:\tNot enough memory for allocating events qualifier ids\n",
                trace->output);
         err = -EINVAL;
         goto out;
     }
 
     strlist__for_each_entry(pos, trace->ev_qualifier) {
         const char *sc = pos->s;
         int id = syscalltbl__id(trace->sctbl, sc), match_next = -1;
 
         if (id < 0) {
             id = syscalltbl__strglobmatch_first(trace->sctbl, sc, &match_next);
             if (id >= 0)
                 goto matches;
 
             if (!printed_invalid_prefix) {
                 pr_debug("Skipping unknown syscalls: ");
                 printed_invalid_prefix = true;
             } else {
                 pr_debug(", ");
             }
 
             pr_debug("%s", sc);
             continue;
         }
 matches:
         trace->ev_qualifier_ids.entries[nr_used++] = id;
         if (match_next == -1)
             continue;
 
         while (1) {
             id = syscalltbl__strglobmatch_next(trace->sctbl, sc, &match_next);
             if (id < 0)
                 break;
             if (nr_allocated == nr_used) {
                 void *entries;
 
                 nr_allocated += 8;
                 entries = realloc(trace->ev_qualifier_ids.entries,
                           nr_allocated * sizeof(trace->ev_qualifier_ids.entries[0]));
                 if (entries == NULL) {
                     err = -ENOMEM;
                     fputs("\nError:\t Not enough memory for parsing\n", trace->output);
                     goto out_free;
                 }
                 trace->ev_qualifier_ids.entries = entries;
             }
             trace->ev_qualifier_ids.entries[nr_used++] = id;
         }
     }
 
     trace->ev_qualifier_ids.nr = nr_used;
     qsort(trace->ev_qualifier_ids.entries, nr_used, sizeof(int), intcmp);
 out:
     if (printed_invalid_prefix)
         pr_debug("\n");
     return err;
 out_free:
     zfree(&trace->ev_qualifier_ids.entries);
     trace->ev_qualifier_ids.nr = 0;
     goto out;
 }
 
 static __maybe_unused bool trace__syscall_enabled(struct trace *trace, int id)
 {
     bool in_ev_qualifier;
 
     if (trace->ev_qualifier_ids.nr == 0)
         return true;
 
     in_ev_qualifier = bsearch(&id, trace->ev_qualifier_ids.entries,
                   trace->ev_qualifier_ids.nr, sizeof(int), intcmp) != NULL;
 
     if (in_ev_qualifier)
            return !trace->not_ev_qualifier;
 
     return trace->not_ev_qualifier;
 }
 
 /*
  * args is to be interpreted as a series of longs but we need to handle
  * 8-byte unaligned accesses. args points to raw_data within the event
  * and raw_data is guaranteed to be 8-byte unaligned because it is
  * preceded by raw_size which is a u32. So we need to copy args to a temp
  * variable to read it. Most notably this avoids extended load instructions
  * on unaligned addresses
  */
 unsigned long syscall_arg__val(struct syscall_arg *arg, u8 idx)
 {
     unsigned long val;
     unsigned char *p = arg->args + sizeof(unsigned long) * idx;
 
     memcpy(&val, p, sizeof(val));
     return val;
 }
 
 static size_t syscall__scnprintf_name(struct syscall *sc, char *bf, size_t size,
                       struct syscall_arg *arg)
 {
     if (sc->arg_fmt && sc->arg_fmt[arg->idx].name)
         return scnprintf(bf, size, "%s: ", sc->arg_fmt[arg->idx].name);
 
     return scnprintf(bf, size, "arg%d: ", arg->idx);
 }
 
 /*
  * Check if the value is in fact zero, i.e. mask whatever needs masking, such
  * as mount 'flags' argument that needs ignoring some magic flag, see comment
  * in tools/perf/trace/beauty/mount_flags.c
  */
 static unsigned long syscall_arg_fmt__mask_val(struct syscall_arg_fmt *fmt, struct syscall_arg *arg, unsigned long val)
 {
     if (fmt && fmt->mask_val)
         return fmt->mask_val(arg, val);
 
     return val;
 }
 
 static size_t syscall_arg_fmt__scnprintf_val(struct syscall_arg_fmt *fmt, char *bf, size_t size,
                          struct syscall_arg *arg, unsigned long val)
 {
     if (fmt && fmt->scnprintf) {
         arg->val = val;
         if (fmt->parm)
             arg->parm = fmt->parm;
         return fmt->scnprintf(bf, size, arg);
     }
     return scnprintf(bf, size, "%ld", val);
 }
 
 static size_t syscall__scnprintf_args(struct syscall *sc, char *bf, size_t size,
                       unsigned char *args, void *augmented_args, int augmented_args_size,
                       struct trace *trace, struct thread *thread)
 {
     size_t printed = 0;
     unsigned long val;
     u8 bit = 1;
     struct syscall_arg arg = {
         .args   = args,
         .augmented = {
             .size = augmented_args_size,
             .args = augmented_args,
         },
         .idx    = 0,
         .mask   = 0,
         .trace  = trace,
         .thread = thread,
         .show_string_prefix = trace->show_string_prefix,
     };
     struct thread_trace *ttrace = thread__priv(thread);
 
     /*
      * Things like fcntl will set this in its 'cmd' formatter to pick the
      * right formatter for the return value (an fd? file flags?), which is
      * not needed for syscalls that always return a given type, say an fd.
      */
     ttrace->ret_scnprintf = NULL;
 
     if (sc->args != NULL) {
         struct tep_format_field *field;
 
         for (field = sc->args; field;
              field = field->next, ++arg.idx, bit <<= 1) {
             if (arg.mask & bit)
                 continue;
 
             arg.fmt = &sc->arg_fmt[arg.idx];
             val = syscall_arg__val(&arg, arg.idx);
             /*
              * Some syscall args need some mask, most don't and
              * return val untouched.
              */
             val = syscall_arg_fmt__mask_val(&sc->arg_fmt[arg.idx], &arg, val);
 
             /*
              * Suppress this argument if its value is zero and
              * and we don't have a string associated in an
              * strarray for it.
              */
             if (val == 0 &&
                 !trace->show_zeros &&
                 !(sc->arg_fmt &&
                   (sc->arg_fmt[arg.idx].show_zero ||
                    sc->arg_fmt[arg.idx].scnprintf == SCA_STRARRAY ||
                    sc->arg_fmt[arg.idx].scnprintf == SCA_STRARRAYS) &&
                   sc->arg_fmt[arg.idx].parm))
                 continue;
 
             printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, "%s", printed ? ", " : "");
 
             if (trace->show_arg_names)
                 printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, "%s: ", field->name);
 
             printed += syscall_arg_fmt__scnprintf_val(&sc->arg_fmt[arg.idx],
                                   bf + printed, size - printed, &arg, val);
         }
     } else if (IS_ERR(sc->tp_format)) {
         /*
          * If we managed to read the tracepoint /format file, then we
          * may end up not having any args, like with gettid(), so only
          * print the raw args when we didn't manage to read it.
          */
         while (arg.idx < sc->nr_args) {
             if (arg.mask & bit)
                 goto next_arg;
             val = syscall_arg__val(&arg, arg.idx);
             if (printed)
                 printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, ", ");
             printed += syscall__scnprintf_name(sc, bf + printed, size - printed, &arg);
             printed += syscall_arg_fmt__scnprintf_val(&sc->arg_fmt[arg.idx], bf + printed, size - printed, &arg, val);
 next_arg:
             ++arg.idx;
             bit <<= 1;
         }
     }
 
     return printed;
 }
 
 typedef int (*tracepoint_handler)(struct trace *trace, struct evsel *evsel,
                   union perf_event *event,
                   struct perf_sample *sample);
 
 static struct syscall *trace__syscall_info(struct trace *trace,
                        struct evsel *evsel, int id)
 {
     int err = 0;
 
     if (id < 0) {
 
         /*
          * XXX: Noticed on x86_64, reproduced as far back as 3.0.36, haven't tried
          * before that, leaving at a higher verbosity level till that is
          * explained. Reproduced with plain ftrace with:
          *
          * echo 1 > /t/events/raw_syscalls/sys_exit/enable
          * grep "NR -1 " /t/trace_pipe
          *
          * After generating some load on the machine.
          */
         if (verbose > 1) {
             static u64 n;
             fprintf(trace->output, "Invalid syscall %d id, skipping (%s, %" PRIu64 ") ...\n",
                 id, evsel__name(evsel), ++n);
         }
         return NULL;
     }
 
     err = -EINVAL;
 
 #ifdef HAVE_SYSCALL_TABLE_SUPPORT
     if (id > trace->sctbl->syscalls.max_id) {
 #else
     if (id >= trace->sctbl->syscalls.max_id) {
         /*
          * With libaudit we don't know beforehand what is the max_id,
          * so we let trace__read_syscall_info() figure that out as we
          * go on reading syscalls.
          */
         err = trace__read_syscall_info(trace, id);
         if (err)
 #endif
         goto out_cant_read;
     }
 
     if ((trace->syscalls.table == NULL || trace->syscalls.table[id].name == NULL) &&
         (err = trace__read_syscall_info(trace, id)) != 0)
         goto out_cant_read;
 
     if (trace->syscalls.table[id].name == NULL) {
         if (trace->syscalls.table[id].nonexistent)
             return NULL;
         goto out_cant_read;
     }
 
     return &trace->syscalls.table[id];
 
 out_cant_read:
     if (verbose > 0) {
         char sbuf[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
         fprintf(trace->output, "Problems reading syscall %d: %d (%s)", id, -err, str_error_r(-err, sbuf, sizeof(sbuf)));
         if (id <= trace->sctbl->syscalls.max_id && trace->syscalls.table[id].name != NULL)
             fprintf(trace->output, "(%s)", trace->syscalls.table[id].name);
         fputs(" information\n", trace->output);
     }
     return NULL;
 }
 
 struct syscall_stats {
     struct stats stats;
     u64      nr_failures;
     int      max_errno;
     u32      *errnos;
 };
 
 static void thread__update_stats(struct thread *thread, struct thread_trace *ttrace,
                  int id, struct perf_sample *sample, long err, bool errno_summary)
 {
     struct int_node *inode;
     struct syscall_stats *stats;
     u64 duration = 0;
 
     inode = intlist__findnew(ttrace->syscall_stats, id);
     if (inode == NULL)
         return;
 
     stats = inode->priv;
     if (stats == NULL) {
         stats = malloc(sizeof(*stats));
         if (stats == NULL)
             return;
 
         stats->nr_failures = 0;
         stats->max_errno   = 0;
         stats->errnos      = NULL;
         init_stats(&stats->stats);
         inode->priv = stats;
     }
 
     if (ttrace->entry_time && sample->time > ttrace->entry_time)
         duration = sample->time - ttrace->entry_time;
 
     update_stats(&stats->stats, duration);
 
     if (err < 0) {
         ++stats->nr_failures;
 
         if (!errno_summary)
             return;
 
         err = -err;
         if (err > stats->max_errno) {
             u32 *new_errnos = realloc(stats->errnos, err * sizeof(u32));
 
             if (new_errnos) {
                 memset(new_errnos + stats->max_errno, 0, (err - stats->max_errno) * sizeof(u32));
             } else {
                 pr_debug("Not enough memory for errno stats for thread \"%s\"(%d/%d), results will be incomplete\n",
                      thread__comm_str(thread), thread->pid_, thread->tid);
                 return;
             }
 
             stats->errnos = new_errnos;
             stats->max_errno = err;
         }
 
         ++stats->errnos[err - 1];
     }
 }
 
 static int trace__printf_interrupted_entry(struct trace *trace)
 {
     struct thread_trace *ttrace;
     size_t printed;
     int len;
 
     if (trace->failure_only || trace->current == NULL)
         return 0;
 
     ttrace = thread__priv(trace->current);
 
     if (!ttrace->entry_pending)
         return 0;
 
     printed  = trace__fprintf_entry_head(trace, trace->current, 0, false, ttrace->entry_time, trace->output);
     printed += len = fprintf(trace->output, "%s)", ttrace->entry_str);
 
     if (len < trace->args_alignment - 4)
         printed += fprintf(trace->output, "%-*s", trace->args_alignment - 4 - len, " ");
 
     printed += fprintf(trace->output, " ...\n");
 
     ttrace->entry_pending = false;
     ++trace->nr_events_printed;
 
     return printed;
 }
 
 static int trace__fprintf_sample(struct trace *trace, struct evsel *evsel,
                  struct perf_sample *sample, struct thread *thread)
 {
     int printed = 0;
 
     if (trace->print_sample) {
         double ts = (double)sample->time / NSEC_PER_MSEC;
 
         printed += fprintf(trace->output, "%22s %10.3f %s %d/%d [%d]\n",
                    evsel__name(evsel), ts,
                    thread__comm_str(thread),
                    sample->pid, sample->tid, sample->cpu);
     }
 
     return printed;
 }
 
 static void *syscall__augmented_args(struct syscall *sc, struct perf_sample *sample, int *augmented_args_size, int raw_augmented_args_size)
 {
     void *augmented_args = NULL;
     /*
      * For now with BPF raw_augmented we hook into raw_syscalls:sys_enter
      * and there we get all 6 syscall args plus the tracepoint common fields
      * that gets calculated at the start and the syscall_nr (another long).
      * So we check if that is the case and if so don't look after the
      * sc->args_size but always after the full raw_syscalls:sys_enter payload,
      * which is fixed.
      *
      * We'll revisit this later to pass s->args_size to the BPF augmenter
      * (now tools/perf/examples/bpf/augmented_raw_syscalls.c, so that it
      * copies only what we need for each syscall, like what happens when we
      * use syscalls:sys_enter_NAME, so that we reduce the kernel/userspace
      * traffic to just what is needed for each syscall.
      */
     int args_size = raw_augmented_args_size ?: sc->args_size;
 
     *augmented_args_size = sample->raw_size - args_size;
     if (*augmented_args_size > 0)
         augmented_args = sample->raw_data + args_size;
 
     return augmented_args;
 }
 
 static void syscall__exit(struct syscall *sc)
 {
     if (!sc)
         return;
 
     free(sc->arg_fmt);
 }
 
 static int trace__sys_enter(struct trace *trace, struct evsel *evsel,
                 union perf_event *event __maybe_unused,
                 struct perf_sample *sample)
 {
     char *msg;
     void *args;
     int printed = 0;
     struct thread *thread;
     int id = perf_evsel__sc_tp_uint(evsel, id, sample), err = -1;
     int augmented_args_size = 0;
     void *augmented_args = NULL;
     struct syscall *sc = trace__syscall_info(trace, evsel, id);
     struct thread_trace *ttrace;
 
     if (sc == NULL)
         return -1;
 
     thread = machine__findnew_thread(trace->host, sample->pid, sample->tid);
     ttrace = thread__trace(thread, trace->output);
     if (ttrace == NULL)
         goto out_put;
 
     trace__fprintf_sample(trace, evsel, sample, thread);
 
     args = perf_evsel__sc_tp_ptr(evsel, args, sample);
 
     if (ttrace->entry_str == NULL) {
         ttrace->entry_str = malloc(trace__entry_str_size);
         if (!ttrace->entry_str)
             goto out_put;
     }
 
     if (!(trace->duration_filter || trace->summary_only || trace->min_stack))
         trace__printf_interrupted_entry(trace);
     /*
      * If this is raw_syscalls.sys_enter, then it always comes with the 6 possible
      * arguments, even if the syscall being handled, say "openat", uses only 4 arguments
      * this breaks syscall__augmented_args() check for augmented args, as we calculate
      * syscall->args_size using each syscalls:sys_enter_NAME tracefs format file,
      * so when handling, say the openat syscall, we end up getting 6 args for the
      * raw_syscalls:sys_enter event, when we expected just 4, we end up mistakenly
      * thinking that the extra 2 u64 args are the augmented filename, so just check
      * here and avoid using augmented syscalls when the evsel is the raw_syscalls one.
      */
     if (evsel != trace->syscalls.events.sys_enter)
         augmented_args = syscall__augmented_args(sc, sample, &augmented_args_size, trace->raw_augmented_syscalls_args_size);
     ttrace->entry_time = sample->time;
     msg = ttrace->entry_str;
     printed += scnprintf(msg + printed, trace__entry_str_size - printed, "%s(", sc->name);
 
     printed += syscall__scnprintf_args(sc, msg + printed, trace__entry_str_size - printed,
                        args, augmented_args, augmented_args_size, trace, thread);
 
     if (sc->is_exit) {
         if (!(trace->duration_filter || trace->summary_only || trace->failure_only || trace->min_stack)) {
             int alignment = 0;
 
             trace__fprintf_entry_head(trace, thread, 0, false, ttrace->entry_time, trace->output);
             printed = fprintf(trace->output, "%s)", ttrace->entry_str);
             if (trace->args_alignment > printed)
                 alignment = trace->args_alignment - printed;
             fprintf(trace->output, "%*s= ?\n", alignment, " ");
         }
     } else {
         ttrace->entry_pending = true;
         /* See trace__vfs_getname & trace__sys_exit */
         ttrace->filename.pending_open = false;
     }
 
     if (trace->current != thread) {
         thread__put(trace->current);
         trace->current = thread__get(thread);
     }
     err = 0;
 out_put:
     thread__put(thread);
     return err;
 }
 
 static int trace__fprintf_sys_enter(struct trace *trace, struct evsel *evsel,
                     struct perf_sample *sample)
 {
     struct thread_trace *ttrace;
     struct thread *thread;
     int id = perf_evsel__sc_tp_uint(evsel, id, sample), err = -1;
     struct syscall *sc = trace__syscall_info(trace, evsel, id);
     char msg[1024];
     void *args, *augmented_args = NULL;
     int augmented_args_size;
 
     if (sc == NULL)
         return -1;
 
     thread = machine__findnew_thread(trace->host, sample->pid, sample->tid);
     ttrace = thread__trace(thread, trace->output);
     /*
      * We need to get ttrace just to make sure it is there when syscall__scnprintf_args()
      * and the rest of the beautifiers accessing it via struct syscall_arg touches it.
      */
     if (ttrace == NULL)
         goto out_put;
 
     args = perf_evsel__sc_tp_ptr(evsel, args, sample);
     augmented_args = syscall__augmented_args(sc, sample, &augmented_args_size, trace->raw_augmented_syscalls_args_size);
     syscall__scnprintf_args(sc, msg, sizeof(msg), args, augmented_args, augmented_args_size, trace, thread);
     fprintf(trace->output, "%s", msg);
     err = 0;
 out_put:
     thread__put(thread);
     return err;
 }
 
 static int trace__resolve_callchain(struct trace *trace, struct evsel *evsel,
                     struct perf_sample *sample,
                     struct callchain_cursor *cursor)
 {
     struct addr_location al;
     int max_stack = evsel->core.attr.sample_max_stack ?
             evsel->core.attr.sample_max_stack :
             trace->max_stack;
     int err;
 
     if (machine__resolve(trace->host, &al, sample) < 0)
         return -1;
 
     err = thread__resolve_callchain(al.thread, cursor, evsel, sample, NULL, NULL, max_stack);
     addr_location__put(&al);
     return err;
 }
 
 static int trace__fprintf_callchain(struct trace *trace, struct perf_sample *sample)
 {
     /* TODO: user-configurable print_opts */
     const unsigned int print_opts = EVSEL__PRINT_SYM |
                         EVSEL__PRINT_DSO |
                         EVSEL__PRINT_UNKNOWN_AS_ADDR;
 
     return sample__fprintf_callchain(sample, 38, print_opts, &callchain_cursor, symbol_conf.bt_stop_list, trace->output);
 }
 
 static const char *errno_to_name(struct evsel *evsel, int err)
 {
     struct perf_env *env = evsel__env(evsel);
     const char *arch_name = perf_env__arch(env);
 
     return arch_syscalls__strerrno(arch_name, err);
 }
 
 static int trace__sys_exit(struct trace *trace, struct evsel *evsel,
                union perf_event *event __maybe_unused,
                struct perf_sample *sample)
 {
     long ret;
     u64 duration = 0;
     bool duration_calculated = false;
     struct thread *thread;
     int id = perf_evsel__sc_tp_uint(evsel, id, sample), err = -1, callchain_ret = 0, printed = 0;
     int alignment = trace->args_alignment;
     struct syscall *sc = trace__syscall_info(trace, evsel, id);
     struct thread_trace *ttrace;
 
     if (sc == NULL)
         return -1;
 
     thread = machine__findnew_thread(trace->host, sample->pid, sample->tid);
     ttrace = thread__trace(thread, trace->output);
     if (ttrace == NULL)
         goto out_put;
 
     trace__fprintf_sample(trace, evsel, sample, thread);
 
     ret = perf_evsel__sc_tp_uint(evsel, ret, sample);
 
     if (trace->summary)
         thread__update_stats(thread, ttrace, id, sample, ret, trace->errno_summary);
 
     if (!trace->fd_path_disabled && sc->is_open && ret >= 0 && ttrace->filename.pending_open) {
         trace__set_fd_pathname(thread, ret, ttrace->filename.name);
         ttrace->filename.pending_open = false;
         ++trace->stats.vfs_getname;
     }
 
     if (ttrace->entry_time) {
         duration = sample->time - ttrace->entry_time;
         if (trace__filter_duration(trace, duration))
             goto out;
         duration_calculated = true;
     } else if (trace->duration_filter)
         goto out;
 
     if (sample->callchain) {
         callchain_ret = trace__resolve_callchain(trace, evsel, sample, &callchain_cursor);
         if (callchain_ret == 0) {
             if (callchain_cursor.nr < trace->min_stack)
                 goto out;
             callchain_ret = 1;
         }
     }
 
     if (trace->summary_only || (ret >= 0 && trace->failure_only))
         goto out;
 
     trace__fprintf_entry_head(trace, thread, duration, duration_calculated, ttrace->entry_time, trace->output);
 
     if (ttrace->entry_pending) {
         printed = fprintf(trace->output, "%s", ttrace->entry_str);
     } else {
         printed += fprintf(trace->output, " ... [");
         color_fprintf(trace->output, PERF_COLOR_YELLOW, "continued");
         printed += 9;
         printed += fprintf(trace->output, "]: %s()", sc->name);
     }
 
     printed++; /* the closing ')' */
 
     if (alignment > printed)
         alignment -= printed;
     else
         alignment = 0;
 
     fprintf(trace->output, ")%*s= ", alignment, " ");
 
     if (sc->fmt == NULL) {
         if (ret < 0)
             goto errno_print;
 signed_print:
         fprintf(trace->output, "%ld", ret);
     } else if (ret < 0) {
 errno_print: {
         char bf[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
         const char *emsg = str_error_r(-ret, bf, sizeof(bf)),
                *e = errno_to_name(evsel, -ret);
 
         fprintf(trace->output, "-1 %s (%s)", e, emsg);
     }
     } else if (ret == 0 && sc->fmt->timeout)
         fprintf(trace->output, "0 (Timeout)");
     else if (ttrace->ret_scnprintf) {
         char bf[1024];
         struct syscall_arg arg = {
             .val    = ret,
             .thread = thread,
             .trace  = trace,
         };
         ttrace->ret_scnprintf(bf, sizeof(bf), &arg);
         ttrace->ret_scnprintf = NULL;
         fprintf(trace->output, "%s", bf);
     } else if (sc->fmt->hexret)
         fprintf(trace->output, "%#lx", ret);
     else if (sc->fmt->errpid) {
         struct thread *child = machine__find_thread(trace->host, ret, ret);
 
         if (child != NULL) {
             fprintf(trace->output, "%ld", ret);
             if (child->comm_set)
                 fprintf(trace->output, " (%s)", thread__comm_str(child));
             thread__put(child);
         }
     } else
         goto signed_print;
 
     fputc('\n', trace->output);
 
     /*
      * We only consider an 'event' for the sake of --max-events a non-filtered
      * sys_enter + sys_exit and other tracepoint events.
      */
     if (++trace->nr_events_printed == trace->max_events && trace->max_events != ULONG_MAX)
         interrupted = true;
 
     if (callchain_ret > 0)
         trace__fprintf_callchain(trace, sample);
     else if (callchain_ret < 0)
         pr_err("Problem processing %s callchain, skipping...\n", evsel__name(evsel));
 out:
     ttrace->entry_pending = false;
     err = 0;
 out_put:
     thread__put(thread);
     return err;
 }
 
 static int trace__vfs_getname(struct trace *trace, struct evsel *evsel,
                   union perf_event *event __maybe_unused,
                   struct perf_sample *sample)
 {
     struct thread *thread = machine__findnew_thread(trace->host, sample->pid, sample->tid);
     struct thread_trace *ttrace;
     size_t filename_len, entry_str_len, to_move;
     ssize_t remaining_space;
     char *pos;
     const char *filename = evsel__rawptr(evsel, sample, "pathname");
 
     if (!thread)
         goto out;
 
     ttrace = thread__priv(thread);
     if (!ttrace)
         goto out_put;
 
     filename_len = strlen(filename);
     if (filename_len == 0)
         goto out_put;
 
     if (ttrace->filename.namelen < filename_len) {
         char *f = realloc(ttrace->filename.name, filename_len + 1);
 
         if (f == NULL)
             goto out_put;
 
         ttrace->filename.namelen = filename_len;
         ttrace->filename.name = f;
     }
 
     strcpy(ttrace->filename.name, filename);
     ttrace->filename.pending_open = true;
 
     if (!ttrace->filename.ptr)
         goto out_put;
 
     entry_str_len = strlen(ttrace->entry_str);
     remaining_space = trace__entry_str_size - entry_str_len - 1; /* \0 */
     if (remaining_space <= 0)
         goto out_put;
 
     if (filename_len > (size_t)remaining_space) {
         filename += filename_len - remaining_space;
         filename_len = remaining_space;
     }
 
     to_move = entry_str_len - ttrace->filename.entry_str_pos + 1; /* \0 */
     pos = ttrace->entry_str + ttrace->filename.entry_str_pos;
     memmove(pos + filename_len, pos, to_move);
     memcpy(pos, filename, filename_len);
 
     ttrace->filename.ptr = 0;
     ttrace->filename.entry_str_pos = 0;
 out_put:
     thread__put(thread);
 out:
     return 0;
 }
 
 static int trace__sched_stat_runtime(struct trace *trace, struct evsel *evsel,
                      union perf_event *event __maybe_unused,
                      struct perf_sample *sample)
 {
         u64 runtime = evsel__intval(evsel, sample, "runtime");
     double runtime_ms = (double)runtime / NSEC_PER_MSEC;
     struct thread *thread = machine__findnew_thread(trace->host,
                             sample->pid,
                             sample->tid);
     struct thread_trace *ttrace = thread__trace(thread, trace->output);
 
     if (ttrace == NULL)
         goto out_dump;
 
     ttrace->runtime_ms += runtime_ms;
     trace->runtime_ms += runtime_ms;
 out_put:
     thread__put(thread);
     return 0;
 
 out_dump:
     fprintf(trace->output, "%s: comm=%s,pid=%u,runtime=%" PRIu64 ",vruntime=%" PRIu64 ")\n",
            evsel->name,
            evsel__strval(evsel, sample, "comm"),
            (pid_t)evsel__intval(evsel, sample, "pid"),
            runtime,
            evsel__intval(evsel, sample, "vruntime"));
     goto out_put;
 }
 
 static int bpf_output__printer(enum binary_printer_ops op,
                    unsigned int val, void *extra __maybe_unused, FILE *fp)
 {
     unsigned char ch = (unsigned char)val;
 
     switch (op) {
     case BINARY_PRINT_CHAR_DATA:
         return fprintf(fp, "%c", isprint(ch) ? ch : '.');
     case BINARY_PRINT_DATA_BEGIN:
     case BINARY_PRINT_LINE_BEGIN:
     case BINARY_PRINT_ADDR:
     case BINARY_PRINT_NUM_DATA:
     case BINARY_PRINT_NUM_PAD:
     case BINARY_PRINT_SEP:
     case BINARY_PRINT_CHAR_PAD:
     case BINARY_PRINT_LINE_END:
     case BINARY_PRINT_DATA_END:
     default:
         break;
     }
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 static void bpf_output__fprintf(struct trace *trace,
                 struct perf_sample *sample)
 {
     binary__fprintf(sample->raw_data, sample->raw_size, 8,
             bpf_output__printer, NULL, trace->output);
     ++trace->nr_events_printed;
 }
 
 static size_t trace__fprintf_tp_fields(struct trace *trace, struct evsel *evsel, struct perf_sample *sample,
                        struct thread *thread, void *augmented_args, int augmented_args_size)
 {
     char bf[2048];
     size_t size = sizeof(bf);
     struct tep_format_field *field = evsel->tp_format->format.fields;
     struct syscall_arg_fmt *arg = __evsel__syscall_arg_fmt(evsel);
     size_t printed = 0;
     unsigned long val;
     u8 bit = 1;
     struct syscall_arg syscall_arg = {
         .augmented = {
             .size = augmented_args_size,
             .args = augmented_args,
         },
         .idx    = 0,
         .mask   = 0,
         .trace  = trace,
         .thread = thread,
         .show_string_prefix = trace->show_string_prefix,
     };
 
     for (; field && arg; field = field->next, ++syscall_arg.idx, bit <<= 1, ++arg) {
         if (syscall_arg.mask & bit)
             continue;
 
         syscall_arg.len = 0;
         syscall_arg.fmt = arg;
         if (field->flags & TEP_FIELD_IS_ARRAY) {
             int offset = field->offset;
 
             if (field->flags & TEP_FIELD_IS_DYNAMIC) {
                 offset = format_field__intval(field, sample, evsel->needs_swap);
                 syscall_arg.len = offset >> 16;
                 offset &= 0xffff;
                 if (field->flags & TEP_FIELD_IS_RELATIVE)
                     offset += field->offset + field->size;
             }
 
             val = (uintptr_t)(sample->raw_data + offset);
         } else
             val = format_field__intval(field, sample, evsel->needs_swap);
         /*
          * Some syscall args need some mask, most don't and
          * return val untouched.
          */
         val = syscall_arg_fmt__mask_val(arg, &syscall_arg, val);
 
         /*
          * Suppress this argument if its value is zero and
          * we don't have a string associated in an
          * strarray for it.
          */
         if (val == 0 &&
             !trace->show_zeros &&
             !((arg->show_zero ||
                arg->scnprintf == SCA_STRARRAY ||
                arg->scnprintf == SCA_STRARRAYS) &&
               arg->parm))
             continue;
 
         printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, "%s", printed ? ", " : "");
 
         /*
          * XXX Perhaps we should have a show_tp_arg_names,
          * leaving show_arg_names just for syscalls?
          */
         if (1 || trace->show_arg_names)
             printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, "%s: ", field->name);
 
         printed += syscall_arg_fmt__scnprintf_val(arg, bf + printed, size - printed, &syscall_arg, val);
     }
 
     return printed + fprintf(trace->output, "%s", bf);
 }
 
 static int trace__event_handler(struct trace *trace, struct evsel *evsel,
                 union perf_event *event __maybe_unused,
                 struct perf_sample *sample)
 {
     struct thread *thread;
     int callchain_ret = 0;
     /*
      * Check if we called perf_evsel__disable(evsel) due to, for instance,
      * this event's max_events having been hit and this is an entry coming
      * from the ring buffer that we should discard, since the max events
      * have already been considered/printed.
      */
     if (evsel->disabled)
         return 0;
 
     thread = machine__findnew_thread(trace->host, sample->pid, sample->tid);
 
     if (sample->callchain) {
         callchain_ret = trace__resolve_callchain(trace, evsel, sample, &callchain_cursor);
         if (callchain_ret == 0) {
             if (callchain_cursor.nr < trace->min_stack)
                 goto out;
             callchain_ret = 1;
         }
     }
 
     trace__printf_interrupted_entry(trace);
     trace__fprintf_tstamp(trace, sample->time, trace->output);
 
     if (trace->trace_syscalls && trace->show_duration)
         fprintf(trace->output, "(         ): ");
 
     if (thread)
         trace__fprintf_comm_tid(trace, thread, trace->output);
 
     if (evsel == trace->syscalls.events.augmented) {
         int id = perf_evsel__sc_tp_uint(evsel, id, sample);
         struct syscall *sc = trace__syscall_info(trace, evsel, id);
 
         if (sc) {
             fprintf(trace->output, "%s(", sc->name);
             trace__fprintf_sys_enter(trace, evsel, sample);
             fputc(')', trace->output);
             goto newline;
         }
 
         /*
          * XXX: Not having the associated syscall info or not finding/adding
          *  the thread should never happen, but if it does...
          *  fall thru and print it as a bpf_output event.
          */
     }
 
     fprintf(trace->output, "%s(", evsel->name);
 
     if (evsel__is_bpf_output(evsel)) {
         bpf_output__fprintf(trace, sample);
     } else if (evsel->tp_format) {
         if (strncmp(evsel->tp_format->name, "sys_enter_", 10) ||
             trace__fprintf_sys_enter(trace, evsel, sample)) {
             if (trace->libtraceevent_print) {
                 event_format__fprintf(evsel->tp_format, sample->cpu,
                               sample->raw_data, sample->raw_size,
                               trace->output);
             } else {
                 trace__fprintf_tp_fields(trace, evsel, sample, thread, NULL, 0);
             }
         }
     }
 
 newline:
     fprintf(trace->output, ")\n");
 
     if (callchain_ret > 0)
         trace__fprintf_callchain(trace, sample);
     else if (callchain_ret < 0)
         pr_err("Problem processing %s callchain, skipping...\n", evsel__name(evsel));
 
     ++trace->nr_events_printed;
 
     if (evsel->max_events != ULONG_MAX && ++evsel->nr_events_printed == evsel->max_events) {
         evsel__disable(evsel);
         evsel__close(evsel);
     }
 out:
     thread__put(thread);
     return 0;
 }
 
 static void print_location(FILE *f, struct perf_sample *sample,
                struct addr_location *al,
                bool print_dso, bool print_sym)
 {
 
     if ((verbose > 0 || print_dso) && al->map)
         fprintf(f, "%s@", al->map->dso->long_name);
 
     if ((verbose > 0 || print_sym) && al->sym)
         fprintf(f, "%s+0x%" PRIx64, al->sym->name,
             al->addr - al->sym->start);
     else if (al->map)
         fprintf(f, "0x%" PRIx64, al->addr);
     else
         fprintf(f, "0x%" PRIx64, sample->addr);
 }
 
 static int trace__pgfault(struct trace *trace,
               struct evsel *evsel,
               union perf_event *event __maybe_unused,
               struct perf_sample *sample)
 {
     struct thread *thread;
     struct addr_location al;
     char map_type = 'd';
     struct thread_trace *ttrace;
     int err = -1;
     int callchain_ret = 0;
 
     thread = machine__findnew_thread(trace->host, sample->pid, sample->tid);
 
     if (sample->callchain) {
         callchain_ret = trace__resolve_callchain(trace, evsel, sample, &callchain_cursor);
         if (callchain_ret == 0) {
             if (callchain_cursor.nr < trace->min_stack)
                 goto out_put;
             callchain_ret = 1;
         }
     }
 
     ttrace = thread__trace(thread, trace->output);
     if (ttrace == NULL)
         goto out_put;
 
     if (evsel->core.attr.config == PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MAJ)
         ttrace->pfmaj++;
     else
         ttrace->pfmin++;
 
     if (trace->summary_only)
         goto out;
 
     thread__find_symbol(thread, sample->cpumode, sample->ip, &al);
 
     trace__fprintf_entry_head(trace, thread, 0, true, sample->time, trace->output);
 
     fprintf(trace->output, "%sfault [",
         evsel->core.attr.config == PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MAJ ?
         "maj" : "min");
 
     print_location(trace->output, sample, &al, false, true);
 
     fprintf(trace->output, "] => ");
 
     thread__find_symbol(thread, sample->cpumode, sample->addr, &al);
 
     if (!al.map) {
         thread__find_symbol(thread, sample->cpumode, sample->addr, &al);
 
         if (al.map)
             map_type = 'x';
         else
             map_type = '?';
     }
 
     print_location(trace->output, sample, &al, true, false);
 
     fprintf(trace->output, " (%c%c)\n", map_type, al.level);
 
     if (callchain_ret > 0)
         trace__fprintf_callchain(trace, sample);
     else if (callchain_ret < 0)
         pr_err("Problem processing %s callchain, skipping...\n", evsel__name(evsel));
 
     ++trace->nr_events_printed;
 out:
     err = 0;
 out_put:
     thread__put(thread);
     return err;
 }
 
 static void trace__set_base_time(struct trace *trace,
                  struct evsel *evsel,
                  struct perf_sample *sample)
 {
     /*
      * BPF events were not setting PERF_SAMPLE_TIME, so be more robust
      * and don't use sample->time unconditionally, we may end up having
      * some other event in the future without PERF_SAMPLE_TIME for good
      * reason, i.e. we may not be interested in its timestamps, just in
      * it taking place, picking some piece of information when it
      * appears in our event stream (vfs_getname comes to mind).
      */
     if (trace->base_time == 0 && !trace->full_time &&
         (evsel->core.attr.sample_type & PERF_SAMPLE_TIME))
         trace->base_time = sample->time;
 }
 
 static int trace__process_sample(struct perf_tool *tool,
                  union perf_event *event,
                  struct perf_sample *sample,
                  struct evsel *evsel,
                  struct machine *machine __maybe_unused)
 {
     struct trace *trace = container_of(tool, struct trace, tool);
     struct thread *thread;
     int err = 0;
 
     tracepoint_handler handler = evsel->handler;
 
     thread = machine__findnew_thread(trace->host, sample->pid, sample->tid);
     if (thread && thread__is_filtered(thread))
         goto out;
 
     trace__set_base_time(trace, evsel, sample);
 
     if (handler) {
         ++trace->nr_events;
         handler(trace, evsel, event, sample);
     }
 out:
     thread__put(thread);
     return err;
 }
 
 static int trace__record(struct trace *trace, int argc, const char **argv)
 {
     unsigned int rec_argc, i, j;
     const char **rec_argv;
     const char * const record_args[] = {
         "record",
         "-R",
         "-m", "1024",
         "-c", "1",
     };
     pid_t pid = getpid();
     char *filter = asprintf__tp_filter_pids(1, &pid);
     const char * const sc_args[] = { "-e", };
     unsigned int sc_args_nr = ARRAY_SIZE(sc_args);
     const char * const majpf_args[] = { "-e", "major-faults" };
     unsigned int majpf_args_nr = ARRAY_SIZE(majpf_args);
     const char * const minpf_args[] = { "-e", "minor-faults" };
     unsigned int minpf_args_nr = ARRAY_SIZE(minpf_args);
     int err = -1;
 
     /* +3 is for the event string below and the pid filter */
     rec_argc = ARRAY_SIZE(record_args) + sc_args_nr + 3 +
         majpf_args_nr + minpf_args_nr + argc;
     rec_argv = calloc(rec_argc + 1, sizeof(char *));
 
     if (rec_argv == NULL || filter == NULL)
         goto out_free;
 
     j = 0;
     for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(record_args); i++)
         rec_argv[j++] = record_args[i];
 
     if (trace->trace_syscalls) {
         for (i = 0; i < sc_args_nr; i++)
             rec_argv[j++] = sc_args[i];
 
         /* event string may be different for older kernels - e.g., RHEL6 */
         if (is_valid_tracepoint("raw_syscalls:sys_enter"))
             rec_argv[j++] = "raw_syscalls:sys_enter,raw_syscalls:sys_exit";
         else if (is_valid_tracepoint("syscalls:sys_enter"))
             rec_argv[j++] = "syscalls:sys_enter,syscalls:sys_exit";
         else {
             pr_err("Neither raw_syscalls nor syscalls events exist.\n");
             goto out_free;
         }
     }
 
     rec_argv[j++] = "--filter";
     rec_argv[j++] = filter;
 
     if (trace->trace_pgfaults & TRACE_PFMAJ)
         for (i = 0; i < majpf_args_nr; i++)
             rec_argv[j++] = majpf_args[i];
 
     if (trace->trace_pgfaults & TRACE_PFMIN)
         for (i = 0; i < minpf_args_nr; i++)
             rec_argv[j++] = minpf_args[i];
 
     for (i = 0; i < (unsigned int)argc; i++)
         rec_argv[j++] = argv[i];
 
     err = cmd_record(j, rec_argv);
 out_free:
     free(filter);
     free(rec_argv);
     return err;
 }
 
 static size_t trace__fprintf_thread_summary(struct trace *trace, FILE *fp);
 
 static bool evlist__add_vfs_getname(struct evlist *evlist)
 {
     bool found = false;
     struct evsel *evsel, *tmp;
     struct parse_events_error err;
     int ret;
 
     parse_events_error__init(&err);
     ret = parse_events(evlist, "probe:vfs_getname*", &err);
     parse_events_error__exit(&err);
     if (ret)
         return false;
 
     evlist__for_each_entry_safe(evlist, evsel, tmp) {
         if (!strstarts(evsel__name(evsel), "probe:vfs_getname"))
             continue;
 
         if (evsel__field(evsel, "pathname")) {
             evsel->handler = trace__vfs_getname;
             found = true;
             continue;
         }
 
         list_del_init(&evsel->core.node);
         evsel->evlist = NULL;
         evsel__delete(evsel);
     }
 
     return found;
 }
 
 static struct evsel *evsel__new_pgfault(u64 config)
 {
     struct evsel *evsel;
     struct perf_event_attr attr = {
         .type = PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE,
         .mmap_data = 1,
     };
 
     attr.config = config;
     attr.sample_period = 1;
 
     event_attr_init(&attr);
 
     evsel = evsel__new(&attr);
     if (evsel)
         evsel->handler = trace__pgfault;
 
     return evsel;
 }
 
 static void evlist__free_syscall_tp_fields(struct evlist *evlist)
 {
     struct evsel *evsel;
 
     evlist__for_each_entry(evlist, evsel) {
         struct evsel_trace *et = evsel->priv;
 
         if (!et || !evsel->tp_format || strcmp(evsel->tp_format->system, "syscalls"))
             continue;
 
         free(et->fmt);
         free(et);
     }
 }
 
 static void trace__handle_event(struct trace *trace, union perf_event *event, struct perf_sample *sample)
 {
     const u32 type = event->header.type;
     struct evsel *evsel;
 
     if (type != PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE) {
         trace__process_event(trace, trace->host, event, sample);
         return;
     }
 
     evsel = evlist__id2evsel(trace->evlist, sample->id);
     if (evsel == NULL) {
         fprintf(trace->output, "Unknown tp ID %" PRIu64 ", skipping...\n", sample->id);
         return;
     }
 
     if (evswitch__discard(&trace->evswitch, evsel))
         return;
 
     trace__set_base_time(trace, evsel, sample);
 
     if (evsel->core.attr.type == PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT &&
         sample->raw_data == NULL) {
         fprintf(trace->output, "%s sample with no payload for tid: %d, cpu %d, raw_size=%d, skipping...\n",
                evsel__name(evsel), sample->tid,
                sample->cpu, sample->raw_size);
     } else {
         tracepoint_handler handler = evsel->handler;
         handler(trace, evsel, event, sample);
     }
 
     if (trace->nr_events_printed >= trace->max_events && trace->max_events != ULONG_MAX)
         interrupted = true;
 }
 
 static int trace__add_syscall_newtp(struct trace *trace)
 {
     int ret = -1;
     struct evlist *evlist = trace->evlist;
     struct evsel *sys_enter, *sys_exit;
 
     sys_enter = perf_evsel__raw_syscall_newtp("sys_enter", trace__sys_enter);
     if (sys_enter == NULL)
         goto out;
 
     if (perf_evsel__init_sc_tp_ptr_field(sys_enter, args))
         goto out_delete_sys_enter;
 
     sys_exit = perf_evsel__raw_syscall_newtp("sys_exit", trace__sys_exit);
     if (sys_exit == NULL)
         goto out_delete_sys_enter;
 
     if (perf_evsel__init_sc_tp_uint_field(sys_exit, ret))
         goto out_delete_sys_exit;
 
     evsel__config_callchain(sys_enter, &trace->opts, &callchain_param);
     evsel__config_callchain(sys_exit, &trace->opts, &callchain_param);
 
     evlist__add(evlist, sys_enter);
     evlist__add(evlist, sys_exit);
 
     if (callchain_param.enabled && !trace->kernel_syscallchains) {
         /*
          * We're interested only in the user space callchain
          * leading to the syscall, allow overriding that for
          * debugging reasons using --kernel_syscall_callchains
          */
         sys_exit->core.attr.exclude_callchain_kernel = 1;
     }
 
     trace->syscalls.events.sys_enter = sys_enter;
     trace->syscalls.events.sys_exit  = sys_exit;
 
     ret = 0;
 out:
     return ret;
 
 out_delete_sys_exit:
     evsel__delete_priv(sys_exit);
 out_delete_sys_enter:
     evsel__delete_priv(sys_enter);
     goto out;
 }
 
 static int trace__set_ev_qualifier_tp_filter(struct trace *trace)
 {
     int err = -1;
     struct evsel *sys_exit;
     char *filter = asprintf_expr_inout_ints("id", !trace->not_ev_qualifier,
                         trace->ev_qualifier_ids.nr,
                         trace->ev_qualifier_ids.entries);
 
     if (filter == NULL)
         goto out_enomem;
 
     if (!evsel__append_tp_filter(trace->syscalls.events.sys_enter, filter)) {
         sys_exit = trace->syscalls.events.sys_exit;
         err = evsel__append_tp_filter(sys_exit, filter);
     }
 
     free(filter);
 out:
     return err;
 out_enomem:
     errno = ENOMEM;
     goto out;
 }
 
 #ifdef HAVE_LIBBPF_SUPPORT
 static struct bpf_map *trace__find_bpf_map_by_name(struct trace *trace, const char *name)
 {
     if (trace->bpf_obj == NULL)
         return NULL;
 
     return bpf_object__find_map_by_name(trace->bpf_obj, name);
 }
 
 static void trace__set_bpf_map_filtered_pids(struct trace *trace)
 {
     trace->filter_pids.map = trace__find_bpf_map_by_name(trace, "pids_filtered");
 }
 
 static void trace__set_bpf_map_syscalls(struct trace *trace)
 {
     trace->syscalls.map = trace__find_bpf_map_by_name(trace, "syscalls");
     trace->syscalls.prog_array.sys_enter = trace__find_bpf_map_by_name(trace, "syscalls_sys_enter");
     trace->syscalls.prog_array.sys_exit  = trace__find_bpf_map_by_name(trace, "syscalls_sys_exit");
 }
 
 static struct bpf_program *trace__find_bpf_program_by_title(struct trace *trace, const char *name)
 {
     struct bpf_program *pos, *prog = NULL;
     const char *sec_name;
 
     if (trace->bpf_obj == NULL)
         return NULL;
 
     bpf_object__for_each_program(pos, trace->bpf_obj) {
         sec_name = bpf_program__section_name(pos);
         if (sec_name && !strcmp(sec_name, name)) {
             prog = pos;
             break;
         }
     }
 
     return prog;
 }
 
 static struct bpf_program *trace__find_syscall_bpf_prog(struct trace *trace, struct syscall *sc,
                             const char *prog_name, const char *type)
 {
     struct bpf_program *prog;
 
     if (prog_name == NULL) {
         char default_prog_name[256];
         scnprintf(default_prog_name, sizeof(default_prog_name), "!syscalls:sys_%s_%s", type, sc->name);
         prog = trace__find_bpf_program_by_title(trace, default_prog_name);
         if (prog != NULL)
             goto out_found;
         if (sc->fmt && sc->fmt->alias) {
             scnprintf(default_prog_name, sizeof(default_prog_name), "!syscalls:sys_%s_%s", type, sc->fmt->alias);
             prog = trace__find_bpf_program_by_title(trace, default_prog_name);
             if (prog != NULL)
                 goto out_found;
         }
         goto out_unaugmented;
     }
 
     prog = trace__find_bpf_program_by_title(trace, prog_name);
 
     if (prog != NULL) {
 out_found:
         return prog;
     }
 
     pr_debug("Couldn't find BPF prog \"%s\" to associate with syscalls:sys_%s_%s, not augmenting it\n",
          prog_name, type, sc->name);
 out_unaugmented:
     return trace->syscalls.unaugmented_prog;
 }
 
 static void trace__init_syscall_bpf_progs(struct trace *trace, int id)
 {
     struct syscall *sc = trace__syscall_info(trace, NULL, id);
 
     if (sc == NULL)
         return;
 
     sc->bpf_prog.sys_enter = trace__find_syscall_bpf_prog(trace, sc, sc->fmt ? sc->fmt->bpf_prog_name.sys_enter : NULL, "enter");
     sc->bpf_prog.sys_exit  = trace__find_syscall_bpf_prog(trace, sc, sc->fmt ? sc->fmt->bpf_prog_name.sys_exit  : NULL,  "exit");
 }
 
 static int trace__bpf_prog_sys_enter_fd(struct trace *trace, int id)
 {
     struct syscall *sc = trace__syscall_info(trace, NULL, id);
     return sc ? bpf_program__fd(sc->bpf_prog.sys_enter) : bpf_program__fd(trace->syscalls.unaugmented_prog);
 }
 
 static int trace__bpf_prog_sys_exit_fd(struct trace *trace, int id)
 {
     struct syscall *sc = trace__syscall_info(trace, NULL, id);
     return sc ? bpf_program__fd(sc->bpf_prog.sys_exit) : bpf_program__fd(trace->syscalls.unaugmented_prog);
 }
 
 static void trace__init_bpf_map_syscall_args(struct trace *trace, int id, struct bpf_map_syscall_entry *entry)
 {
     struct syscall *sc = trace__syscall_info(trace, NULL, id);
     int arg = 0;
 
     if (sc == NULL)
         goto out;
 
     for (; arg < sc->nr_args; ++arg) {
         entry->string_args_len[arg] = 0;
         if (sc->arg_fmt[arg].scnprintf == SCA_FILENAME) {
             /* Should be set like strace -s strsize */
             entry->string_args_len[arg] = PATH_MAX;
         }
     }
 out:
     for (; arg < 6; ++arg)
         entry->string_args_len[arg] = 0;
 }
 static int trace__set_ev_qualifier_bpf_filter(struct trace *trace)
 {
     int fd = bpf_map__fd(trace->syscalls.map);
     struct bpf_map_syscall_entry value = {
         .enabled = !trace->not_ev_qualifier,
     };
     int err = 0;
     size_t i;
 
     for (i = 0; i < trace->ev_qualifier_ids.nr; ++i) {
         int key = trace->ev_qualifier_ids.entries[i];
 
         if (value.enabled) {
             trace__init_bpf_map_syscall_args(trace, key, &value);
             trace__init_syscall_bpf_progs(trace, key);
         }
 
         err = bpf_map_update_elem(fd, &key, &value, BPF_EXIST);
         if (err)
             break;
     }
 
     return err;
 }
 
 static int __trace__init_syscalls_bpf_map(struct trace *trace, bool enabled)
 {
     int fd = bpf_map__fd(trace->syscalls.map);
     struct bpf_map_syscall_entry value = {
         .enabled = enabled,
     };
     int err = 0, key;
 
     for (key = 0; key < trace->sctbl->syscalls.nr_entries; ++key) {
         if (enabled)
             trace__init_bpf_map_syscall_args(trace, key, &value);
 
         err = bpf_map_update_elem(fd, &key, &value, BPF_ANY);
         if (err)
             break;
     }
 
     return err;
 }
 
 static int trace__init_syscalls_bpf_map(struct trace *trace)
 {
     bool enabled = true;
 
     if (trace->ev_qualifier_ids.nr)
         enabled = trace->not_ev_qualifier;
 
     return __trace__init_syscalls_bpf_map(trace, enabled);
 }
 
 static struct bpf_program *trace__find_usable_bpf_prog_entry(struct trace *trace, struct syscall *sc)
 {
     struct tep_format_field *field, *candidate_field;
     int id;
 
     /*
      * We're only interested in syscalls that have a pointer:
      */
     for (field = sc->args; field; field = field->next) {
         if (field->flags & TEP_FIELD_IS_POINTER)
             goto try_to_find_pair;
     }
 
     return NULL;
 
 try_to_find_pair:
     for (id = 0; id < trace->sctbl->syscalls.nr_entries; ++id) {
         struct syscall *pair = trace__syscall_info(trace, NULL, id);
         struct bpf_program *pair_prog;
         bool is_candidate = false;
 
         if (pair == NULL || pair == sc ||
             pair->bpf_prog.sys_enter == trace->syscalls.unaugmented_prog)
             continue;
 
         for (field = sc->args, candidate_field = pair->args;
              field && candidate_field; field = field->next, candidate_field = candidate_field->next) {
             bool is_pointer = field->flags & TEP_FIELD_IS_POINTER,
                  candidate_is_pointer = candidate_field->flags & TEP_FIELD_IS_POINTER;
 
             if (is_pointer) {
                    if (!candidate_is_pointer) {
                     // The candidate just doesn't copies our pointer arg, might copy other pointers we want.
                     continue;
                    }
             } else {
                 if (candidate_is_pointer) {
                     // The candidate might copy a pointer we don't have, skip it.
                     goto next_candidate;
                 }
                 continue;
             }
 
             if (strcmp(field->type, candidate_field->type))
                 goto next_candidate;
 
             is_candidate = true;
         }
 
         if (!is_candidate)
             goto next_candidate;
 
         /*
          * Check if the tentative pair syscall augmenter has more pointers, if it has,
          * then it may be collecting that and we then can't use it, as it would collect
          * more than what is common to the two syscalls.
          */
         if (candidate_field) {
             for (candidate_field = candidate_field->next; candidate_field; candidate_field = candidate_field->next)
                 if (candidate_field->flags & TEP_FIELD_IS_POINTER)
                     goto next_candidate;
         }
 
         pair_prog = pair->bpf_prog.sys_enter;
         /*
          * If the pair isn't enabled, then its bpf_prog.sys_enter will not
          * have been searched for, so search it here and if it returns the
          * unaugmented one, then ignore it, otherwise we'll reuse that BPF
          * program for a filtered syscall on a non-filtered one.
          *
          * For instance, we have "!syscalls:sys_enter_renameat" and that is
          * useful for "renameat2".
          */
         if (pair_prog == NULL) {
             pair_prog = trace__find_syscall_bpf_prog(trace, pair, pair->fmt ? pair->fmt->bpf_prog_name.sys_enter : NULL, "enter");
             if (pair_prog == trace->syscalls.unaugmented_prog)
                 goto next_candidate;
         }
 
         pr_debug("Reusing \"%s\" BPF sys_enter augmenter for \"%s\"\n", pair->name, sc->name);
         return pair_prog;
     next_candidate:
         continue;
     }
 
     return NULL;
 }
 
 static int trace__init_syscalls_bpf_prog_array_maps(struct trace *trace)
 {
     int map_enter_fd = bpf_map__fd(trace->syscalls.prog_array.sys_enter),
         map_exit_fd  = bpf_map__fd(trace->syscalls.prog_array.sys_exit);
     int err = 0, key;
 
     for (key = 0; key < trace->sctbl->syscalls.nr_entries; ++key) {
         int prog_fd;
 
         if (!trace__syscall_enabled(trace, key))
             continue;
 
         trace__init_syscall_bpf_progs(trace, key);
 
         // It'll get at least the "!raw_syscalls:unaugmented"
         prog_fd = trace__bpf_prog_sys_enter_fd(trace, key);
         err = bpf_map_update_elem(map_enter_fd, &key, &prog_fd, BPF_ANY);
         if (err)
             break;
         prog_fd = trace__bpf_prog_sys_exit_fd(trace, key);
         err = bpf_map_update_elem(map_exit_fd, &key, &prog_fd, BPF_ANY);
         if (err)
             break;
     }
 
     /*
      * Now lets do a second pass looking for enabled syscalls without
      * an augmenter that have a signature that is a superset of another
      * syscall with an augmenter so that we can auto-reuse it.
      *
      * I.e. if we have an augmenter for the "open" syscall that has
      * this signature:
      *
      *   int open(const char *pathname, int flags, mode_t mode);
      *
      * I.e. that will collect just the first string argument, then we
      * can reuse it for the 'creat' syscall, that has this signature:
      *
      *   int creat(const char *pathname, mode_t mode);
      *
      * and for:
      *
      *   int stat(const char *pathname, struct stat *statbuf);
      *   int lstat(const char *pathname, struct stat *statbuf);
      *
      * Because the 'open' augmenter will collect the first arg as a string,
      * and leave alone all the other args, which already helps with
      * beautifying 'stat' and 'lstat''s pathname arg.
      *
      * Then, in time, when 'stat' gets an augmenter that collects both
      * first and second arg (this one on the raw_syscalls:sys_exit prog
      * array tail call, then that one will be used.
      */
     for (key = 0; key < trace->sctbl->syscalls.nr_entries; ++key) {
         struct syscall *sc = trace__syscall_info(trace, NULL, key);
         struct bpf_program *pair_prog;
         int prog_fd;
 
         if (sc == NULL || sc->bpf_prog.sys_enter == NULL)
             continue;
 
         /*
          * For now we're just reusing the sys_enter prog, and if it
          * already has an augmenter, we don't need to find one.
          */
         if (sc->bpf_prog.sys_enter != trace->syscalls.unaugmented_prog)
             continue;
 
         /*
          * Look at all the other syscalls for one that has a signature
          * that is close enough that we can share:
          */
         pair_prog = trace__find_usable_bpf_prog_entry(trace, sc);
         if (pair_prog == NULL)
             continue;
 
         sc->bpf_prog.sys_enter = pair_prog;
 
         /*
          * Update the BPF_MAP_TYPE_PROG_SHARED for raw_syscalls:sys_enter
          * with the fd for the program we're reusing:
          */
         prog_fd = bpf_program__fd(sc->bpf_prog.sys_enter);
         err = bpf_map_update_elem(map_enter_fd, &key, &prog_fd, BPF_ANY);
         if (err)
             break;
     }
 
 
     return err;
 }
 
 static void trace__delete_augmented_syscalls(struct trace *trace)
 {
     struct evsel *evsel, *tmp;
 
     evlist__remove(trace->evlist, trace->syscalls.events.augmented);
     evsel__delete(trace->syscalls.events.augmented);
     trace->syscalls.events.augmented = NULL;
 
     evlist__for_each_entry_safe(trace->evlist, tmp, evsel) {
         if (evsel->bpf_obj == trace->bpf_obj) {
             evlist__remove(trace->evlist, evsel);
             evsel__delete(evsel);
         }
 
     }
 
     bpf_object__close(trace->bpf_obj);
     trace->bpf_obj = NULL;
 }
 #else // HAVE_LIBBPF_SUPPORT
 static struct bpf_map *trace__find_bpf_map_by_name(struct trace *trace __maybe_unused,
                            const char *name __maybe_unused)
 {
     return NULL;
 }
 
 static void trace__set_bpf_map_filtered_pids(struct trace *trace __maybe_unused)
 {
 }
 
 static void trace__set_bpf_map_syscalls(struct trace *trace __maybe_unused)
 {
 }
 
 static int trace__set_ev_qualifier_bpf_filter(struct trace *trace __maybe_unused)
 {
     return 0;
 }
 
 static int trace__init_syscalls_bpf_map(struct trace *trace __maybe_unused)
 {
     return 0;
 }
 
 static struct bpf_program *trace__find_bpf_program_by_title(struct trace *trace __maybe_unused,
                                 const char *name __maybe_unused)
 {
     return NULL;
 }
 
 static int trace__init_syscalls_bpf_prog_array_maps(struct trace *trace __maybe_unused)
 {
     return 0;
 }
 
 static void trace__delete_augmented_syscalls(struct trace *trace __maybe_unused)
 {
 }
 #endif // HAVE_LIBBPF_SUPPORT
 
 static bool trace__only_augmented_syscalls_evsels(struct trace *trace)
 {
     struct evsel *evsel;
 
     evlist__for_each_entry(trace->evlist, evsel) {
         if (evsel == trace->syscalls.events.augmented ||
             evsel->bpf_obj == trace->bpf_obj)
             continue;
 
         return false;
     }
 
     return true;
 }
 
 static int trace__set_ev_qualifier_filter(struct trace *trace)
 {
     if (trace->syscalls.map)
         return trace__set_ev_qualifier_bpf_filter(trace);
     if (trace->syscalls.events.sys_enter)
         return trace__set_ev_qualifier_tp_filter(trace);
     return 0;
 }
 
 static int bpf_map__set_filter_pids(struct bpf_map *map __maybe_unused,
                     size_t npids __maybe_unused, pid_t *pids __maybe_unused)
 {
     int err = 0;
 #ifdef HAVE_LIBBPF_SUPPORT
     bool value = true;
     int map_fd = bpf_map__fd(map);
     size_t i;
 
     for (i = 0; i < npids; ++i) {
         err = bpf_map_update_elem(map_fd, &pids[i], &value, BPF_ANY);
         if (err)
             break;
     }
 #endif
     return err;
 }
 
 static int trace__set_filter_loop_pids(struct trace *trace)
 {
     unsigned int nr = 1, err;
     pid_t pids[32] = {
         getpid(),
     };
     struct thread *thread = machine__find_thread(trace->host, pids[0], pids[0]);
 
     while (thread && nr < ARRAY_SIZE(pids)) {
         struct thread *parent = machine__find_thread(trace->host, thread->ppid, thread->ppid);
 
         if (parent == NULL)
             break;
 
         if (!strcmp(thread__comm_str(parent), "sshd") ||
             strstarts(thread__comm_str(parent), "gnome-terminal")) {
             pids[nr++] = parent->tid;
             break;
         }
         thread = parent;
     }
 
     err = evlist__append_tp_filter_pids(trace->evlist, nr, pids);
     if (!err && trace->filter_pids.map)
         err = bpf_map__set_filter_pids(trace->filter_pids.map, nr, pids);
 
     return err;
 }
 
 static int trace__set_filter_pids(struct trace *trace)
 {
     int err = 0;
     /*
      * Better not use !target__has_task() here because we need to cover the
      * case where no threads were specified in the command line, but a
      * workload was, and in that case we will fill in the thread_map when
      * we fork the workload in evlist__prepare_workload.
      */
     if (trace->filter_pids.nr > 0) {
         err = evlist__append_tp_filter_pids(trace->evlist, trace->filter_pids.nr,
                             trace->filter_pids.entries);
         if (!err && trace->filter_pids.map) {
             err = bpf_map__set_filter_pids(trace->filter_pids.map, trace->filter_pids.nr,
                                trace->filter_pids.entries);
         }
     } else if (perf_thread_map__pid(trace->evlist->core.threads, 0) == -1) {
         err = trace__set_filter_loop_pids(trace);
     }
 
     return err;
 }
 
 static int __trace__deliver_event(struct trace *trace, union perf_event *event)
 {
     struct evlist *evlist = trace->evlist;
     struct perf_sample sample;
     int err = evlist__parse_sample(evlist, event, &sample);
 
     if (err)
         fprintf(trace->output, "Can't parse sample, err = %d, skipping...\n", err);
     else
         trace__handle_event(trace, event, &sample);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 static int __trace__flush_events(struct trace *trace)
 {
     u64 first = ordered_events__first_time(&trace->oe.data);
     u64 flush = trace->oe.last - NSEC_PER_SEC;
 
     /* Is there some thing to flush.. */
     if (first && first < flush)
         return ordered_events__flush_time(&trace->oe.data, flush);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 static int trace__flush_events(struct trace *trace)
 {
     return !trace->sort_events ? 0 : __trace__flush_events(trace);
 }
 
 static int trace__deliver_event(struct trace *trace, union perf_event *event)
 {
     int err;
 
     if (!trace->sort_events)
         return __trace__deliver_event(trace, event);
 
     err = evlist__parse_sample_timestamp(trace->evlist, event, &trace->oe.last);
     if (err && err != -1)
         return err;
 
     err = ordered_events__queue(&trace->oe.data, event, trace->oe.last, 0, NULL);
     if (err)
         return err;
 
     return trace__flush_events(trace);
 }
 
 static int ordered_events__deliver_event(struct ordered_events *oe,
                      struct ordered_event *event)
 {
     struct trace *trace = container_of(oe, struct trace, oe.data);
 
     return __trace__deliver_event(trace, event->event);
 }
 
 static struct syscall_arg_fmt *evsel__find_syscall_arg_fmt_by_name(struct evsel *evsel, char *arg)
 {
     struct tep_format_field *field;
     struct syscall_arg_fmt *fmt = __evsel__syscall_arg_fmt(evsel);
 
     if (evsel->tp_format == NULL || fmt == NULL)
         return NULL;
 
     for (field = evsel->tp_format->format.fields; field; field = field->next, ++fmt)
         if (strcmp(field->name, arg) == 0)
             return fmt;
 
     return NULL;
 }
 
 static int trace__expand_filter(struct trace *trace __maybe_unused, struct evsel *evsel)
 {
     char *tok, *left = evsel->filter, *new_filter = evsel->filter;
 
     while ((tok = strpbrk(left, "=<>!")) != NULL) {
         char *right = tok + 1, *right_end;
 
         if (*right == '=')
             ++right;
 
         while (isspace(*right))
             ++right;
 
         if (*right == '\0')
             break;
 
         while (!isalpha(*left))
             if (++left == tok) {
                 /*
                  * Bail out, can't find the name of the argument that is being
                  * used in the filter, let it try to set this filter, will fail later.
                  */
                 return 0;
             }
 
         right_end = right + 1;
         while (isalnum(*right_end) || *right_end == '_' || *right_end == '|')
             ++right_end;
 
         if (isalpha(*right)) {
             struct syscall_arg_fmt *fmt;
             int left_size = tok - left,
                 right_size = right_end - right;
             char arg[128];
 
             while (isspace(left[left_size - 1]))
                 --left_size;
 
             scnprintf(arg, sizeof(arg), "%.*s", left_size, left);
 
             fmt = evsel__find_syscall_arg_fmt_by_name(evsel, arg);
             if (fmt == NULL) {
                 pr_err("\"%s\" not found in \"%s\", can't set filter \"%s\"\n",
                        arg, evsel->name, evsel->filter);
                 return -1;
             }
 
             pr_debug2("trying to expand \"%s\" \"%.*s\" \"%.*s\" -> ",
                  arg, (int)(right - tok), tok, right_size, right);
 
             if (fmt->strtoul) {
                 u64 val;
                 struct syscall_arg syscall_arg = {
                     .parm = fmt->parm,
                 };
 
                 if (fmt->strtoul(right, right_size, &syscall_arg, &val)) {
                     char *n, expansion[19];
                     int expansion_lenght = scnprintf(expansion, sizeof(expansion), "%#" PRIx64, val);
                     int expansion_offset = right - new_filter;
 
                     pr_debug("%s", expansion);
 
                     if (asprintf(&n, "%.*s%s%s", expansion_offset, new_filter, expansion, right_end) < 0) {
                         pr_debug(" out of memory!\n");
                         free(new_filter);
                         return -1;
                     }
                     if (new_filter != evsel->filter)
                         free(new_filter);
                     left = n + expansion_offset + expansion_lenght;
                     new_filter = n;
                 } else {
                     pr_err("\"%.*s\" not found for \"%s\" in \"%s\", can't set filter \"%s\"\n",
                            right_size, right, arg, evsel->name, evsel->filter);
                     return -1;
                 }
             } else {
                 pr_err("No resolver (strtoul) for \"%s\" in \"%s\", can't set filter \"%s\"\n",
                        arg, evsel->name, evsel->filter);
                 return -1;
             }
 
             pr_debug("\n");
         } else {
             left = right_end;
         }
     }
 
     if (new_filter != evsel->filter) {
         pr_debug("New filter for %s: %s\n", evsel->name, new_filter);
         evsel__set_filter(evsel, new_filter);
         free(new_filter);
     }
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 static int trace__expand_filters(struct trace *trace, struct evsel **err_evsel)
 {
     struct evlist *evlist = trace->evlist;
     struct evsel *evsel;
 
     evlist__for_each_entry(evlist, evsel) {
         if (evsel->filter == NULL)
             continue;
 
         if (trace__expand_filter(trace, evsel)) {
             *err_evsel = evsel;
             return -1;
         }
     }
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 static int trace__run(struct trace *trace, int argc, const char **argv)
 {
     struct evlist *evlist = trace->evlist;
     struct evsel *evsel, *pgfault_maj = NULL, *pgfault_min = NULL;
     int err = -1, i;
     unsigned long before;
     const bool forks = argc > 0;
     bool draining = false;
 
     trace->live = true;
 
     if (!trace->raw_augmented_syscalls) {
         if (trace->trace_syscalls && trace__add_syscall_newtp(trace))
             goto out_error_raw_syscalls;
 
         if (trace->trace_syscalls)
             trace->vfs_getname = evlist__add_vfs_getname(evlist);
     }
 
     if ((trace->trace_pgfaults & TRACE_PFMAJ)) {
         pgfault_maj = evsel__new_pgfault(PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MAJ);
         if (pgfault_maj == NULL)
             goto out_error_mem;
         evsel__config_callchain(pgfault_maj, &trace->opts, &callchain_param);
         evlist__add(evlist, pgfault_maj);
     }
 
     if ((trace->trace_pgfaults & TRACE_PFMIN)) {
         pgfault_min = evsel__new_pgfault(PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MIN);
         if (pgfault_min == NULL)
             goto out_error_mem;
         evsel__config_callchain(pgfault_min, &trace->opts, &callchain_param);
         evlist__add(evlist, pgfault_min);
     }
 
     /* Enable ignoring missing threads when -u/-p option is defined. */
     trace->opts.ignore_missing_thread = trace->opts.target.uid != UINT_MAX || trace->opts.target.pid;
 
     if (trace->sched &&
         evlist__add_newtp(evlist, "sched", "sched_stat_runtime", trace__sched_stat_runtime))
         goto out_error_sched_stat_runtime;
     /*
      * If a global cgroup was set, apply it to all the events without an
      * explicit cgroup. I.e.:
      *
      *  trace -G A -e sched:*switch
      *
      * Will set all raw_syscalls:sys_{enter,exit}, pgfault, vfs_getname, etc
      * _and_ sched:sched_switch to the 'A' cgroup, while:
      *
      * trace -e sched:*switch -G A
      *
      * will only set the sched:sched_switch event to the 'A' cgroup, all the
      * other events (raw_syscalls:sys_{enter,exit}, etc are left "without"
      * a cgroup (on the root cgroup, sys wide, etc).
      *
      * Multiple cgroups:
      *
      * trace -G A -e sched:*switch -G B
      *
      * the syscall ones go to the 'A' cgroup, the sched:sched_switch goes
      * to the 'B' cgroup.
      *
      * evlist__set_default_cgroup() grabs a reference of the passed cgroup
      * only for the evsels still without a cgroup, i.e. evsel->cgroup == NULL.
      */
     if (trace->cgroup)
         evlist__set_default_cgroup(trace->evlist, trace->cgroup);
 
     err = evlist__create_maps(evlist, &trace->opts.target);
     if (err < 0) {
         fprintf(trace->output, "Problems parsing the target to trace, check your options!\n");
         goto out_delete_evlist;
     }
 
     err = trace__symbols_init(trace, evlist);
     if (err < 0) {
         fprintf(trace->output, "Problems initializing symbol libraries!\n");
         goto out_delete_evlist;
     }
 
     evlist__config(evlist, &trace->opts, &callchain_param);
 
     if (forks) {
         err = evlist__prepare_workload(evlist, &trace->opts.target, argv, false, NULL);
         if (err < 0) {
             fprintf(trace->output, "Couldn't run the workload!\n");
             goto out_delete_evlist;
         }
         workload_pid = evlist->workload.pid;
     }
 
     err = evlist__open(evlist);
     if (err < 0)
         goto out_error_open;
 
     err = bpf__apply_obj_config();
     if (err) {
         char errbuf[BUFSIZ];
 
         bpf__strerror_apply_obj_config(err, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf));
         pr_err("ERROR: Apply config to BPF failed: %s\n",
              errbuf);
         goto out_error_open;
     }
 
     err = trace__set_filter_pids(trace);
     if (err < 0)
         goto out_error_mem;
 
     if (trace->syscalls.map)
         trace__init_syscalls_bpf_map(trace);
 
     if (trace->syscalls.prog_array.sys_enter)
         trace__init_syscalls_bpf_prog_array_maps(trace);
 
     if (trace->ev_qualifier_ids.nr > 0) {
         err = trace__set_ev_qualifier_filter(trace);
         if (err < 0)
             goto out_errno;
 
         if (trace->syscalls.events.sys_exit) {
             pr_debug("event qualifier tracepoint filter: %s\n",
                  trace->syscalls.events.sys_exit->filter);
         }
     }
 
     /*
      * If the "close" syscall is not traced, then we will not have the
      * opportunity to, in syscall_arg__scnprintf_close_fd() invalidate the
      * fd->pathname table and were ending up showing the last value set by
      * syscalls opening a pathname and associating it with a descriptor or
      * reading it from /proc/pid/fd/ in cases where that doesn't make
      * sense.
      *
      *  So just disable this beautifier (SCA_FD, SCA_FDAT) when 'close' is
      *  not in use.
      */
     trace->fd_path_disabled = !trace__syscall_enabled(trace, syscalltbl__id(trace->sctbl, "close"));
 
     err = trace__expand_filters(trace, &evsel);
     if (err)
         goto out_delete_evlist;
     err = evlist__apply_filters(evlist, &evsel);
     if (err < 0)
         goto out_error_apply_filters;
 
     if (trace->dump.map)
         bpf_map__fprintf(trace->dump.map, trace->output);
 
     err = evlist__mmap(evlist, trace->opts.mmap_pages);
     if (err < 0)
         goto out_error_mmap;
 
     if (!target__none(&trace->opts.target) && !trace->opts.initial_delay)
         evlist__enable(evlist);
 
     if (forks)
         evlist__start_workload(evlist);
 
     if (trace->opts.initial_delay) {
         usleep(trace->opts.initial_delay * 1000);
         evlist__enable(evlist);
     }
 
     trace->multiple_threads = perf_thread_map__pid(evlist->core.threads, 0) == -1 ||
                   evlist->core.threads->nr > 1 ||
                   evlist__first(evlist)->core.attr.inherit;
 
     /*
      * Now that we already used evsel->core.attr to ask the kernel to setup the
      * events, lets reuse evsel->core.attr.sample_max_stack as the limit in
      * trace__resolve_callchain(), allowing per-event max-stack settings
      * to override an explicitly set --max-stack global setting.
      */
     evlist__for_each_entry(evlist, evsel) {
         if (evsel__has_callchain(evsel) &&
             evsel->core.attr.sample_max_stack == 0)
             evsel->core.attr.sample_max_stack = trace->max_stack;
     }
 again:
     before = trace->nr_events;
 
     for (i = 0; i < evlist->core.nr_mmaps; i++) {
         union perf_event *event;
         struct mmap *md;
 
         md = &evlist->mmap[i];
         if (perf_mmap__read_init(&md->core) < 0)
             continue;
 
         while ((event = perf_mmap__read_event(&md->core)) != NULL) {
             ++trace->nr_events;
 
             err = trace__deliver_event(trace, event);
             if (err)
                 goto out_disable;
 
             perf_mmap__consume(&md->core);
 
             if (interrupted)
                 goto out_disable;
 
             if (done && !draining) {
                 evlist__disable(evlist);
                 draining = true;
             }
         }
         perf_mmap__read_done(&md->core);
     }
 
     if (trace->nr_events == before) {
         int timeout = done ? 100 : -1;
 
         if (!draining && evlist__poll(evlist, timeout) > 0) {
             if (evlist__filter_pollfd(evlist, POLLERR | POLLHUP | POLLNVAL) == 0)
                 draining = true;
 
             goto again;
         } else {
             if (trace__flush_events(trace))
                 goto out_disable;
         }
     } else {
         goto again;
     }
 
 out_disable:
     thread__zput(trace->current);
 
     evlist__disable(evlist);
 
     if (trace->sort_events)
         ordered_events__flush(&trace->oe.data, OE_FLUSH__FINAL);
 
     if (!err) {
         if (trace->summary)
             trace__fprintf_thread_summary(trace, trace->output);
 
         if (trace->show_tool_stats) {
             fprintf(trace->output, "Stats:\n "
                            " vfs_getname : %" PRIu64 "\n"
                            " proc_getname: %" PRIu64 "\n",
                 trace->stats.vfs_getname,
                 trace->stats.proc_getname);
         }
     }
 
 out_delete_evlist:
     trace__symbols__exit(trace);
     evlist__free_syscall_tp_fields(evlist);
     evlist__delete(evlist);
     cgroup__put(trace->cgroup);
     trace->evlist = NULL;
     trace->live = false;
     return err;
 {
     char errbuf[BUFSIZ];
 
 out_error_sched_stat_runtime:
     tracing_path__strerror_open_tp(errno, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf), "sched", "sched_stat_runtime");
     goto out_error;
 
 out_error_raw_syscalls:
     tracing_path__strerror_open_tp(errno, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf), "raw_syscalls", "sys_(enter|exit)");
     goto out_error;
 
 out_error_mmap:
     evlist__strerror_mmap(evlist, errno, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf));
     goto out_error;
 
 out_error_open:
     evlist__strerror_open(evlist, errno, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf));
 
 out_error:
     fprintf(trace->output, "%s\n", errbuf);
     goto out_delete_evlist;
 
 out_error_apply_filters:
     fprintf(trace->output,
         "Failed to set filter \"%s\" on event %s with %d (%s)\n",
         evsel->filter, evsel__name(evsel), errno,
         str_error_r(errno, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
     goto out_delete_evlist;
 }
 out_error_mem:
     fprintf(trace->output, "Not enough memory to run!\n");
     goto out_delete_evlist;
 
 out_errno:
     fprintf(trace->output, "errno=%d,%s\n", errno, strerror(errno));
     goto out_delete_evlist;
 }
 
 static int trace__replay(struct trace *trace)
 {
     const struct evsel_str_handler handlers[] = {
         { "probe:vfs_getname",       trace__vfs_getname, },
     };
     struct perf_data data = {
         .path  = input_name,
         .mode  = PERF_DATA_MODE_READ,
         .force = trace->force,
     };
     struct perf_session *session;
     struct evsel *evsel;
     int err = -1;
 
     trace->tool.sample    = trace__process_sample;
     trace->tool.mmap      = perf_event__process_mmap;
     trace->tool.mmap2     = perf_event__process_mmap2;
     trace->tool.comm      = perf_event__process_comm;
     trace->tool.exit      = perf_event__process_exit;
     trace->tool.fork      = perf_event__process_fork;
     trace->tool.attr      = perf_event__process_attr;
     trace->tool.tracing_data  = perf_event__process_tracing_data;
     trace->tool.build_id      = perf_event__process_build_id;
     trace->tool.namespaces    = perf_event__process_namespaces;
 
     trace->tool.ordered_events = true;
     trace->tool.ordering_requires_timestamps = true;
 
     /* add tid to output */
     trace->multiple_threads = true;
 
     session = perf_session__new(&data, &trace->tool);
     if (IS_ERR(session))
         return PTR_ERR(session);
 
     if (trace->opts.target.pid)
         symbol_conf.pid_list_str = strdup(trace->opts.target.pid);
 
     if (trace->opts.target.tid)
         symbol_conf.tid_list_str = strdup(trace->opts.target.tid);
 
     if (symbol__init(&session->header.env) < 0)
         goto out;
 
     trace->host = &session->machines.host;
 
     err = perf_session__set_tracepoints_handlers(session, handlers);
     if (err)
         goto out;
 
     evsel = evlist__find_tracepoint_by_name(session->evlist, "raw_syscalls:sys_enter");
     trace->syscalls.events.sys_enter = evsel;
     /* older kernels have syscalls tp versus raw_syscalls */
     if (evsel == NULL)
         evsel = evlist__find_tracepoint_by_name(session->evlist, "syscalls:sys_enter");
 
     if (evsel &&
         (evsel__init_raw_syscall_tp(evsel, trace__sys_enter) < 0 ||
         perf_evsel__init_sc_tp_ptr_field(evsel, args))) {
         pr_err("Error during initialize raw_syscalls:sys_enter event\n");
         goto out;
     }
 
     evsel = evlist__find_tracepoint_by_name(session->evlist, "raw_syscalls:sys_exit");
     trace->syscalls.events.sys_exit = evsel;
     if (evsel == NULL)
         evsel = evlist__find_tracepoint_by_name(session->evlist, "syscalls:sys_exit");
     if (evsel &&
         (evsel__init_raw_syscall_tp(evsel, trace__sys_exit) < 0 ||
         perf_evsel__init_sc_tp_uint_field(evsel, ret))) {
         pr_err("Error during initialize raw_syscalls:sys_exit event\n");
         goto out;
     }
 
     evlist__for_each_entry(session->evlist, evsel) {
         if (evsel->core.attr.type == PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE &&
             (evsel->core.attr.config == PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MAJ ||
              evsel->core.attr.config == PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MIN ||
              evsel->core.attr.config == PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS))
             evsel->handler = trace__pgfault;
     }
 
     setup_pager();
 
     err = perf_session__process_events(session);
     if (err)
         pr_err("Failed to process events, error %d", err);
 
     else if (trace->summary)
         trace__fprintf_thread_summary(trace, trace->output);
 
 out:
     perf_session__delete(session);
 
     return err;
 }
 
 static size_t trace__fprintf_threads_header(FILE *fp)
 {
     size_t printed;
 
     printed  = fprintf(fp, "\n Summary of events:\n\n");
 
     return printed;
 }
 
 DEFINE_RESORT_RB(syscall_stats, a->msecs > b->msecs,
     struct syscall_stats *stats;
     double           msecs;
     int          syscall;
 )
 {
     struct int_node *source = rb_entry(nd, struct int_node, rb_node);
     struct syscall_stats *stats = source->priv;
 
     entry->syscall = source->i;
     entry->stats   = stats;
     entry->msecs   = stats ? (u64)stats->stats.n * (avg_stats(&stats->stats) / NSEC_PER_MSEC) : 0;
 }
 
 static size_t thread__dump_stats(struct thread_trace *ttrace,
                  struct trace *trace, FILE *fp)
 {
     size_t printed = 0;
     struct syscall *sc;
     struct rb_node *nd;
     DECLARE_RESORT_RB_INTLIST(syscall_stats, ttrace->syscall_stats);
 
     if (syscall_stats == NULL)
         return 0;
 
     printed += fprintf(fp, "\n");
 
     printed += fprintf(fp, "   syscall            calls  errors  total       min       avg       max       stddev\n");
     printed += fprintf(fp, "                                     (msec)    (msec)    (msec)    (msec)        (%%)\n");
     printed += fprintf(fp, "   --------------- --------  ------ -------- --------- --------- ---------     ------\n");
 
     resort_rb__for_each_entry(nd, syscall_stats) {
         struct syscall_stats *stats = syscall_stats_entry->stats;
         if (stats) {
             double min = (double)(stats->stats.min) / NSEC_PER_MSEC;
             double max = (double)(stats->stats.max) / NSEC_PER_MSEC;
             double avg = avg_stats(&stats->stats);
             double pct;
             u64 n = (u64)stats->stats.n;
 
             pct = avg ? 100.0 * stddev_stats(&stats->stats) / avg : 0.0;
             avg /= NSEC_PER_MSEC;
 
             sc = &trace->syscalls.table[syscall_stats_entry->syscall];
             printed += fprintf(fp, "   %-15s", sc->name);
             printed += fprintf(fp, " %8" PRIu64 " %6" PRIu64 " %9.3f %9.3f %9.3f",
                        n, stats->nr_failures, syscall_stats_entry->msecs, min, avg);
             printed += fprintf(fp, " %9.3f %9.2f%%\n", max, pct);
 
             if (trace->errno_summary && stats->nr_failures) {
                 const char *arch_name = perf_env__arch(trace->host->env);
                 int e;
 
                 for (e = 0; e < stats->max_errno; ++e) {
                     if (stats->errnos[e] != 0)
                         fprintf(fp, "\t\t\t\t%s: %d\n", arch_syscalls__strerrno(arch_name, e + 1), stats->errnos[e]);
                 }
             }
         }
     }
 
     resort_rb__delete(syscall_stats);
     printed += fprintf(fp, "\n\n");
 
     return printed;
 }
 
 static size_t trace__fprintf_thread(FILE *fp, struct thread *thread, struct trace *trace)
 {
     size_t printed = 0;
     struct thread_trace *ttrace = thread__priv(thread);
     double ratio;
 
     if (ttrace == NULL)
         return 0;
 
     ratio = (double)ttrace->nr_events / trace->nr_events * 100.0;
 
     printed += fprintf(fp, " %s (%d), ", thread__comm_str(thread), thread->tid);
     printed += fprintf(fp, "%lu events, ", ttrace->nr_events);
     printed += fprintf(fp, "%.1f%%", ratio);
     if (ttrace->pfmaj)
         printed += fprintf(fp, ", %lu majfaults", ttrace->pfmaj);
     if (ttrace->pfmin)
         printed += fprintf(fp, ", %lu minfaults", ttrace->pfmin);
     if (trace->sched)
         printed += fprintf(fp, ", %.3f msec\n", ttrace->runtime_ms);
     else if (fputc('\n', fp) != EOF)
         ++printed;
 
     printed += thread__dump_stats(ttrace, trace, fp);
 
     return printed;
 }
 
 static unsigned long thread__nr_events(struct thread_trace *ttrace)
 {
     return ttrace ? ttrace->nr_events : 0;
 }
 
 DEFINE_RESORT_RB(threads, (thread__nr_events(a->thread->priv) < thread__nr_events(b->thread->priv)),
     struct thread *thread;
 )
 {
     entry->thread = rb_entry(nd, struct thread, rb_node);
 }
 
 static size_t trace__fprintf_thread_summary(struct trace *trace, FILE *fp)
 {
     size_t printed = trace__fprintf_threads_header(fp);
     struct rb_node *nd;
     int i;
 
     for (i = 0; i < THREADS__TABLE_SIZE; i++) {
         DECLARE_RESORT_RB_MACHINE_THREADS(threads, trace->host, i);
 
         if (threads == NULL) {
             fprintf(fp, "%s", "Error sorting output by nr_events!\n");
             return 0;
         }
 
         resort_rb__for_each_entry(nd, threads)
             printed += trace__fprintf_thread(fp, threads_entry->thread, trace);
 
         resort_rb__delete(threads);
     }
     return printed;
 }
 
 static int trace__set_duration(const struct option *opt, const char *str,
                    int unset __maybe_unused)
 {
     struct trace *trace = opt->value;
 
     trace->duration_filter = atof(str);
     return 0;
 }
 
 static int trace__set_filter_pids_from_option(const struct option *opt, const char *str,
                           int unset __maybe_unused)
 {
     int ret = -1;
     size_t i;
     struct trace *trace = opt->value;
     /*
      * FIXME: introduce a intarray class, plain parse csv and create a
      * { int nr, int entries[] } struct...
      */
     struct intlist *list = intlist__new(str);
 
     if (list == NULL)
         return -1;
 
     i = trace->filter_pids.nr = intlist__nr_entries(list) + 1;
     trace->filter_pids.entries = calloc(i, sizeof(pid_t));
 
     if (trace->filter_pids.entries == NULL)
         goto out;
 
     trace->filter_pids.entries[0] = getpid();
 
     for (i = 1; i < trace->filter_pids.nr; ++i)
         trace->filter_pids.entries[i] = intlist__entry(list, i - 1)->i;
 
     intlist__delete(list);
     ret = 0;
 out:
     return ret;
 }
 
 static int trace__open_output(struct trace *trace, const char *filename)
 {
     struct stat st;
 
     if (!stat(filename, &st) && st.st_size) {
         char oldname[PATH_MAX];
 
         scnprintf(oldname, sizeof(oldname), "%s.old", filename);
         unlink(oldname);
         rename(filename, oldname);
     }
 
     trace->output = fopen(filename, "w");
 
     return trace->output == NULL ? -errno : 0;
 }
 
 static int parse_pagefaults(const struct option *opt, const char *str,
                 int unset __maybe_unused)
 {
     int *trace_pgfaults = opt->value;
 
     if (strcmp(str, "all") == 0)
         *trace_pgfaults |= TRACE_PFMAJ | TRACE_PFMIN;
     else if (strcmp(str, "maj") == 0)
         *trace_pgfaults |= TRACE_PFMAJ;
     else if (strcmp(str, "min") == 0)
         *trace_pgfaults |= TRACE_PFMIN;
     else
         return -1;
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 static void evlist__set_default_evsel_handler(struct evlist *evlist, void *handler)
 {
     struct evsel *evsel;
 
     evlist__for_each_entry(evlist, evsel) {
         if (evsel->handler == NULL)
             evsel->handler = handler;
     }
 }
 
 static void evsel__set_syscall_arg_fmt(struct evsel *evsel, const char *name)
 {
     struct syscall_arg_fmt *fmt = evsel__syscall_arg_fmt(evsel);
 
     if (fmt) {
         struct syscall_fmt *scfmt = syscall_fmt__find(name);
 
         if (scfmt) {
             int skip = 0;
 
             if (strcmp(evsel->tp_format->format.fields->name, "__syscall_nr") == 0 ||
                 strcmp(evsel->tp_format->format.fields->name, "nr") == 0)
                 ++skip;
 
             memcpy(fmt + skip, scfmt->arg, (evsel->tp_format->format.nr_fields - skip) * sizeof(*fmt));
         }
     }
 }
 
 static int evlist__set_syscall_tp_fields(struct evlist *evlist)
 {
     struct evsel *evsel;
 
     evlist__for_each_entry(evlist, evsel) {
         if (evsel->priv || !evsel->tp_format)
             continue;
 
         if (strcmp(evsel->tp_format->system, "syscalls")) {
             evsel__init_tp_arg_scnprintf(evsel);
             continue;
         }
 
         if (evsel__init_syscall_tp(evsel))
             return -1;
 
         if (!strncmp(evsel->tp_format->name, "sys_enter_", 10)) {
             struct syscall_tp *sc = __evsel__syscall_tp(evsel);
 
             if (__tp_field__init_ptr(&sc->args, sc->id.offset + sizeof(u64)))
                 return -1;
 
             evsel__set_syscall_arg_fmt(evsel, evsel->tp_format->name + sizeof("sys_enter_") - 1);
         } else if (!strncmp(evsel->tp_format->name, "sys_exit_", 9)) {
             struct syscall_tp *sc = __evsel__syscall_tp(evsel);
 
             if (__tp_field__init_uint(&sc->ret, sizeof(u64), sc->id.offset + sizeof(u64), evsel->needs_swap))
                 return -1;
 
             evsel__set_syscall_arg_fmt(evsel, evsel->tp_format->name + sizeof("sys_exit_") - 1);
         }
     }
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 /*
  * XXX: Hackish, just splitting the combined -e+--event (syscalls
  * (raw_syscalls:{sys_{enter,exit}} + events (tracepoints, HW, SW, etc) to use
  * existing facilities unchanged (trace->ev_qualifier + parse_options()).
  *
  * It'd be better to introduce a parse_options() variant that would return a
  * list with the terms it didn't match to an event...
  */
 static int trace__parse_events_option(const struct option *opt, const char *str,
                       int unset __maybe_unused)
 {
     struct trace *trace = (struct trace *)opt->value;
     const char *s = str;
     char *sep = NULL, *lists[2] = { NULL, NULL, };
     int len = strlen(str) + 1, err = -1, list, idx;
     char *strace_groups_dir = system_path(STRACE_GROUPS_DIR);
     char group_name[PATH_MAX];
     struct syscall_fmt *fmt;
 
     if (strace_groups_dir == NULL)
         return -1;
 
     if (*s == '!') {
         ++s;
         trace->not_ev_qualifier = true;
     }
 
     while (1) {
         if ((sep = strchr(s, ',')) != NULL)
             *sep = '\0';
 
         list = 0;
         if (syscalltbl__id(trace->sctbl, s) >= 0 ||
             syscalltbl__strglobmatch_first(trace->sctbl, s, &idx) >= 0) {
             list = 1;
             goto do_concat;
         }
 
         fmt = syscall_fmt__find_by_alias(s);
         if (fmt != NULL) {
             list = 1;
             s = fmt->name;
         } else {
             path__join(group_name, sizeof(group_name), strace_groups_dir, s);
             if (access(group_name, R_OK) == 0)
                 list = 1;
         }
 do_concat:
         if (lists[list]) {
             sprintf(lists[list] + strlen(lists[list]), ",%s", s);
         } else {
             lists[list] = malloc(len);
             if (lists[list] == NULL)
                 goto out;
             strcpy(lists[list], s);
         }
 
         if (!sep)
             break;
 
         *sep = ',';
         s = sep + 1;
     }
 
     if (lists[1] != NULL) {
         struct strlist_config slist_config = {
             .dirname = strace_groups_dir,
         };
 
         trace->ev_qualifier = strlist__new(lists[1], &slist_config);
         if (trace->ev_qualifier == NULL) {
             fputs("Not enough memory to parse event qualifier", trace->output);
             goto out;
         }
 
         if (trace__validate_ev_qualifier(trace))
             goto out;
         trace->trace_syscalls = true;
     }
 
     err = 0;
 
     if (lists[0]) {
         struct option o = {
             .value = &trace->evlist,
         };
         err = parse_events_option(&o, lists[0], 0);
     }
 out:
     free(strace_groups_dir);
     free(lists[0]);
     free(lists[1]);
     if (sep)
         *sep = ',';
 
     return err;
 }
 
 static int trace__parse_cgroups(const struct option *opt, const char *str, int unset)
 {
     struct trace *trace = opt->value;
 
     if (!list_empty(&trace->evlist->core.entries)) {
         struct option o = {
             .value = &trace->evlist,
         };
         return parse_cgroups(&o, str, unset);
     }
     trace->cgroup = evlist__findnew_cgroup(trace->evlist, str);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 static int trace__config(const char *var, const char *value, void *arg)
 {
     struct trace *trace = arg;
     int err = 0;
 
     if (!strcmp(var, "trace.add_events")) {
         trace->perfconfig_events = strdup(value);
         if (trace->perfconfig_events == NULL) {
             pr_err("Not enough memory for %s\n", "trace.add_events");
             return -1;
         }
     } else if (!strcmp(var, "trace.show_timestamp")) {
         trace->show_tstamp = perf_config_bool(var, value);
     } else if (!strcmp(var, "trace.show_duration")) {
         trace->show_duration = perf_config_bool(var, value);
     } else if (!strcmp(var, "trace.show_arg_names")) {
         trace->show_arg_names = perf_config_bool(var, value);
         if (!trace->show_arg_names)
             trace->show_zeros = true;
     } else if (!strcmp(var, "trace.show_zeros")) {
         bool new_show_zeros = perf_config_bool(var, value);
         if (!trace->show_arg_names && !new_show_zeros) {
             pr_warning("trace.show_zeros has to be set when trace.show_arg_names=no\n");
             goto out;
         }
         trace->show_zeros = new_show_zeros;
     } else if (!strcmp(var, "trace.show_prefix")) {
         trace->show_string_prefix = perf_config_bool(var, value);
     } else if (!strcmp(var, "trace.no_inherit")) {
         trace->opts.no_inherit = perf_config_bool(var, value);
     } else if (!strcmp(var, "trace.args_alignment")) {
         int args_alignment = 0;
         if (perf_config_int(&args_alignment, var, value) == 0)
             trace->args_alignment = args_alignment;
     } else if (!strcmp(var, "trace.tracepoint_beautifiers")) {
         if (strcasecmp(value, "libtraceevent") == 0)
             trace->libtraceevent_print = true;
         else if (strcasecmp(value, "libbeauty") == 0)
             trace->libtraceevent_print = false;
     }
 out:
     return err;
 }
 
 static void trace__exit(struct trace *trace)
 {
     int i;
 
     strlist__delete(trace->ev_qualifier);
     free(trace->ev_qualifier_ids.entries);
     if (trace->syscalls.table) {
         for (i = 0; i <= trace->sctbl->syscalls.max_id; i++)
             syscall__exit(&trace->syscalls.table[i]);
         free(trace->syscalls.table);
     }
     syscalltbl__delete(trace->sctbl);
     zfree(&trace->perfconfig_events);
 }
 
 int cmd_trace(int argc, const char **argv)
 {
     const char *trace_usage[] = {
         "perf trace [<options>] [<command>]",
         "perf trace [<options>] -- <command> [<options>]",
         "perf trace record [<options>] [<command>]",
         "perf trace record [<options>] -- <command> [<options>]",
         NULL
     };
     struct trace trace = {
         .opts = {
             .target = {
                 .uid       = UINT_MAX,
                 .uses_mmap = true,
             },
             .user_freq     = UINT_MAX,
             .user_interval = ULLONG_MAX,
             .no_buffering  = true,
             .mmap_pages    = UINT_MAX,
         },
         .output = stderr,
         .show_comm = true,
         .show_tstamp = true,
         .show_duration = true,
         .show_arg_names = true,
         .args_alignment = 70,
         .trace_syscalls = false,
         .kernel_syscallchains = false,
         .max_stack = UINT_MAX,
         .max_events = ULONG_MAX,
     };
     const char *map_dump_str = NULL;
     const char *output_name = NULL;
     const struct option trace_options[] = {
     OPT_CALLBACK('e', "event", &trace, "event",
              "event/syscall selector. use 'perf list' to list available events",
              trace__parse_events_option),
     OPT_CALLBACK(0, "filter", &trace.evlist, "filter",
              "event filter", parse_filter),
     OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "comm", &trace.show_comm,
             "show the thread COMM next to its id"),
     OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "tool_stats", &trace.show_tool_stats, "show tool stats"),
     OPT_CALLBACK(0, "expr", &trace, "expr", "list of syscalls/events to trace",
              trace__parse_events_option),
     OPT_STRING('o', "output", &output_name, "file", "output file name"),
     OPT_STRING('i', "input", &input_name, "file", "Analyze events in file"),
     OPT_STRING('p', "pid", &trace.opts.target.pid, "pid",
             "trace events on existing process id"),
     OPT_STRING('t', "tid", &trace.opts.target.tid, "tid",
             "trace events on existing thread id"),
     OPT_CALLBACK(0, "filter-pids", &trace, "CSV list of pids",
              "pids to filter (by the kernel)", trace__set_filter_pids_from_option),
     OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "all-cpus", &trace.opts.target.system_wide,
             "system-wide collection from all CPUs"),
     OPT_STRING('C', "cpu", &trace.opts.target.cpu_list, "cpu",
             "list of cpus to monitor"),
     OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "no-inherit", &trace.opts.no_inherit,
             "child tasks do not inherit counters"),
     OPT_CALLBACK('m', "mmap-pages", &trace.opts.mmap_pages, "pages",
              "number of mmap data pages", evlist__parse_mmap_pages),
     OPT_STRING('u', "uid", &trace.opts.target.uid_str, "user",
            "user to profile"),
     OPT_CALLBACK(0, "duration", &trace, "float",
              "show only events with duration > N.M ms",
              trace__set_duration),
 #ifdef HAVE_LIBBPF_SUPPORT
     OPT_STRING(0, "map-dump", &map_dump_str, "BPF map", "BPF map to periodically dump"),
 #endif
     OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "sched", &trace.sched, "show blocking scheduler events"),
     OPT_INCR('v', "verbose", &verbose, "be more verbose"),
     OPT_BOOLEAN('T', "time", &trace.full_time,
             "Show full timestamp, not time relative to first start"),
     OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "failure", &trace.failure_only,
             "Show only syscalls that failed"),
     OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "summary", &trace.summary_only,
             "Show only syscall summary with statistics"),
     OPT_BOOLEAN('S', "with-summary", &trace.summary,
             "Show all syscalls and summary with statistics"),
     OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "errno-summary", &trace.errno_summary,
             "Show errno stats per syscall, use with -s or -S"),
     OPT_CALLBACK_DEFAULT('F', "pf", &trace.trace_pgfaults, "all|maj|min",
              "Trace pagefaults", parse_pagefaults, "maj"),
     OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "syscalls", &trace.trace_syscalls, "Trace syscalls"),
     OPT_BOOLEAN('f', "force", &trace.force, "don't complain, do it"),
     OPT_CALLBACK(0, "call-graph", &trace.opts,
              "record_mode[,record_size]", record_callchain_help,
              &record_parse_callchain_opt),
     OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "libtraceevent_print", &trace.libtraceevent_print,
             "Use libtraceevent to print the tracepoint arguments."),
     OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "kernel-syscall-graph", &trace.kernel_syscallchains,
             "Show the kernel callchains on the syscall exit path"),
     OPT_ULONG(0, "max-events", &trace.max_events,
         "Set the maximum number of events to print, exit after that is reached. "),
     OPT_UINTEGER(0, "min-stack", &trace.min_stack,
              "Set the minimum stack depth when parsing the callchain, "
              "anything below the specified depth will be ignored."),
     OPT_UINTEGER(0, "max-stack", &trace.max_stack,
              "Set the maximum stack depth when parsing the callchain, "
              "anything beyond the specified depth will be ignored. "
              "Default: kernel.perf_event_max_stack or " __stringify(PERF_MAX_STACK_DEPTH)),
     OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "sort-events", &trace.sort_events,
             "Sort batch of events before processing, use if getting out of order events"),
     OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "print-sample", &trace.print_sample,
             "print the PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE PERF_SAMPLE_ info, for debugging"),
     OPT_UINTEGER(0, "proc-map-timeout", &proc_map_timeout,
             "per thread proc mmap processing timeout in ms"),
     OPT_CALLBACK('G', "cgroup", &trace, "name", "monitor event in cgroup name only",
              trace__parse_cgroups),
     OPT_INTEGER('D', "delay", &trace.opts.initial_delay,
              "ms to wait before starting measurement after program "
              "start"),
     OPTS_EVSWITCH(&trace.evswitch),
     OPT_END()
     };
     bool __maybe_unused max_stack_user_set = true;
     bool mmap_pages_user_set = true;
     struct evsel *evsel;
     const char * const trace_subcommands[] = { "record", NULL };
     int err = -1;
     char bf[BUFSIZ];
     struct sigaction sigchld_act;
 
     signal(SIGSEGV, sighandler_dump_stack);
     signal(SIGFPE, sighandler_dump_stack);
     signal(SIGINT, sighandler_interrupt);
 
     memset(&sigchld_act, 0, sizeof(sigchld_act));
     sigchld_act.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO;
     sigchld_act.sa_sigaction = sighandler_chld;
     sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sigchld_act, NULL);
 
     trace.evlist = evlist__new();
     trace.sctbl = syscalltbl__new();
 
     if (trace.evlist == NULL || trace.sctbl == NULL) {
         pr_err("Not enough memory to run!\n");
         err = -ENOMEM;
         goto out;
     }
 
     /*
      * Parsing .perfconfig may entail creating a BPF event, that may need
      * to create BPF maps, so bump RLIM_MEMLOCK as the default 64K setting
      * is too small. This affects just this process, not touching the
      * global setting. If it fails we'll get something in 'perf trace -v'
      * to help diagnose the problem.
      */
     rlimit__bump_memlock();
 
     err = perf_config(trace__config, &trace);
     if (err)
         goto out;
 
     argc = parse_options_subcommand(argc, argv, trace_options, trace_subcommands,
                  trace_usage, PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION);
 
     /*
      * Here we already passed thru trace__parse_events_option() and it has
      * already figured out if -e syscall_name, if not but if --event
      * foo:bar was used, the user is interested _just_ in those, say,
      * tracepoint events, not in the strace-like syscall-name-based mode.
      *
      * This is important because we need to check if strace-like mode is
      * needed to decided if we should filter out the eBPF
      * __augmented_syscalls__ code, if it is in the mix, say, via
      * .perfconfig trace.add_events, and filter those out.
      */
     if (!trace.trace_syscalls && !trace.trace_pgfaults &&
         trace.evlist->core.nr_entries == 0 /* Was --events used? */) {
         trace.trace_syscalls = true;
     }
     /*
      * Now that we have --verbose figured out, lets see if we need to parse
      * events from .perfconfig, so that if those events fail parsing, say some
      * BPF program fails, then we'll be able to use --verbose to see what went
      * wrong in more detail.
      */
     if (trace.perfconfig_events != NULL) {
         struct parse_events_error parse_err;
 
         parse_events_error__init(&parse_err);
         err = parse_events(trace.evlist, trace.perfconfig_events, &parse_err);
         if (err)
             parse_events_error__print(&parse_err, trace.perfconfig_events);
         parse_events_error__exit(&parse_err);
         if (err)
             goto out;
     }
 
     if ((nr_cgroups || trace.cgroup) && !trace.opts.target.system_wide) {
         usage_with_options_msg(trace_usage, trace_options,
                        "cgroup monitoring only available in system-wide mode");
     }
 
     evsel = bpf__setup_output_event(trace.evlist, "__augmented_syscalls__");
     if (IS_ERR(evsel)) {
         bpf__strerror_setup_output_event(trace.evlist, PTR_ERR(evsel), bf, sizeof(bf));
         pr_err("ERROR: Setup trace syscalls enter failed: %s\n", bf);
         goto out;
     }
 
     if (evsel) {
         trace.syscalls.events.augmented = evsel;
 
         evsel = evlist__find_tracepoint_by_name(trace.evlist, "raw_syscalls:sys_enter");
         if (evsel == NULL) {
             pr_err("ERROR: raw_syscalls:sys_enter not found in the augmented BPF object\n");
             goto out;
         }
 
         if (evsel->bpf_obj == NULL) {
             pr_err("ERROR: raw_syscalls:sys_enter not associated to a BPF object\n");
             goto out;
         }
 
         trace.bpf_obj = evsel->bpf_obj;
 
         /*
          * If we have _just_ the augmenter event but don't have a
          * explicit --syscalls, then assume we want all strace-like
          * syscalls:
          */
         if (!trace.trace_syscalls && trace__only_augmented_syscalls_evsels(&trace))
             trace.trace_syscalls = true;
         /*
          * So, if we have a syscall augmenter, but trace_syscalls, aka
          * strace-like syscall tracing is not set, then we need to trow
          * away the augmenter, i.e. all the events that were created
          * from that BPF object file.
          *
          * This is more to fix the current .perfconfig trace.add_events
          * style of setting up the strace-like eBPF based syscall point
          * payload augmenter.
          *
          * All this complexity will be avoided by adding an alternative
          * to trace.add_events in the form of
          * trace.bpf_augmented_syscalls, that will be only parsed if we
          * need it.
          *
          * .perfconfig trace.add_events is still useful if we want, for
          * instance, have msr_write.msr in some .perfconfig profile based
          * 'perf trace --config determinism.profile' mode, where for some
          * particular goal/workload type we want a set of events and
          * output mode (with timings, etc) instead of having to add
          * all via the command line.
          *
          * Also --config to specify an alternate .perfconfig file needs
          * to be implemented.
          */
         if (!trace.trace_syscalls) {
             trace__delete_augmented_syscalls(&trace);
         } else {
             trace__set_bpf_map_filtered_pids(&trace);
             trace__set_bpf_map_syscalls(&trace);
             trace.syscalls.unaugmented_prog = trace__find_bpf_program_by_title(&trace, "!raw_syscalls:unaugmented");
         }
     }
 
     err = bpf__setup_stdout(trace.evlist);
     if (err) {
         bpf__strerror_setup_stdout(trace.evlist, err, bf, sizeof(bf));
         pr_err("ERROR: Setup BPF stdout failed: %s\n", bf);
         goto out;
     }
 
     err = -1;
 
     if (map_dump_str) {
         trace.dump.map = trace__find_bpf_map_by_name(&trace, map_dump_str);
         if (trace.dump.map == NULL) {
             pr_err("ERROR: BPF map \"%s\" not found\n", map_dump_str);
             goto out;
         }
     }
 
     if (trace.trace_pgfaults) {
         trace.opts.sample_address = true;
         trace.opts.sample_time = true;
     }
 
     if (trace.opts.mmap_pages == UINT_MAX)
         mmap_pages_user_set = false;
 
     if (trace.max_stack == UINT_MAX) {
         trace.max_stack = input_name ? PERF_MAX_STACK_DEPTH : sysctl__max_stack();
         max_stack_user_set = false;
     }
 
 #ifdef HAVE_DWARF_UNWIND_SUPPORT
     if ((trace.min_stack || max_stack_user_set) && !callchain_param.enabled) {
         record_opts__parse_callchain(&trace.opts, &callchain_param, "dwarf", false);
     }
 #endif
 
     if (callchain_param.enabled) {
         if (!mmap_pages_user_set && geteuid() == 0)
             trace.opts.mmap_pages = perf_event_mlock_kb_in_pages() * 4;
 
         symbol_conf.use_callchain = true;
     }
 
     if (trace.evlist->core.nr_entries > 0) {
         evlist__set_default_evsel_handler(trace.evlist, trace__event_handler);
         if (evlist__set_syscall_tp_fields(trace.evlist)) {
             perror("failed to set syscalls:* tracepoint fields");
             goto out;
         }
     }
 
     if (trace.sort_events) {
         ordered_events__init(&trace.oe.data, ordered_events__deliver_event, &trace);
         ordered_events__set_copy_on_queue(&trace.oe.data, true);
     }
 
     /*
      * If we are augmenting syscalls, then combine what we put in the
      * __augmented_syscalls__ BPF map with what is in the
      * syscalls:sys_exit_FOO tracepoints, i.e. just like we do without BPF,
      * combining raw_syscalls:sys_enter with raw_syscalls:sys_exit.
      *
      * We'll switch to look at two BPF maps, one for sys_enter and the
      * other for sys_exit when we start augmenting the sys_exit paths with
      * buffers that are being copied from kernel to userspace, think 'read'
      * syscall.
      */
     if (trace.syscalls.events.augmented) {
         evlist__for_each_entry(trace.evlist, evsel) {
             bool raw_syscalls_sys_exit = strcmp(evsel__name(evsel), "raw_syscalls:sys_exit") == 0;
 
             if (raw_syscalls_sys_exit) {
                 trace.raw_augmented_syscalls = true;
                 goto init_augmented_syscall_tp;
             }
 
             if (trace.syscalls.events.augmented->priv == NULL &&
                 strstr(evsel__name(evsel), "syscalls:sys_enter")) {
                 struct evsel *augmented = trace.syscalls.events.augmented;
                 if (evsel__init_augmented_syscall_tp(augmented, evsel) ||
                     evsel__init_augmented_syscall_tp_args(augmented))
                     goto out;
                 /*
                  * Augmented is __augmented_syscalls__ BPF_OUTPUT event
                  * Above we made sure we can get from the payload the tp fields
                  * that we get from syscalls:sys_enter tracefs format file.
                  */
                 augmented->handler = trace__sys_enter;
                 /*
                  * Now we do the same for the *syscalls:sys_enter event so that
                  * if we handle it directly, i.e. if the BPF prog returns 0 so
                  * as not to filter it, then we'll handle it just like we would
                  * for the BPF_OUTPUT one:
                  */
                 if (evsel__init_augmented_syscall_tp(evsel, evsel) ||
                     evsel__init_augmented_syscall_tp_args(evsel))
                     goto out;
                 evsel->handler = trace__sys_enter;
             }
 
             if (strstarts(evsel__name(evsel), "syscalls:sys_exit_")) {
                 struct syscall_tp *sc;
 init_augmented_syscall_tp:
                 if (evsel__init_augmented_syscall_tp(evsel, evsel))
                     goto out;
                 sc = __evsel__syscall_tp(evsel);
                 /*
                  * For now with BPF raw_augmented we hook into
                  * raw_syscalls:sys_enter and there we get all
                  * 6 syscall args plus the tracepoint common
                  * fields and the syscall_nr (another long).
                  * So we check if that is the case and if so
                  * don't look after the sc->args_size but
                  * always after the full raw_syscalls:sys_enter
                  * payload, which is fixed.
                  *
                  * We'll revisit this later to pass
                  * s->args_size to the BPF augmenter (now
                  * tools/perf/examples/bpf/augmented_raw_syscalls.c,
                  * so that it copies only what we need for each
                  * syscall, like what happens when we use
                  * syscalls:sys_enter_NAME, so that we reduce
                  * the kernel/userspace traffic to just what is
                  * needed for each syscall.
                  */
                 if (trace.raw_augmented_syscalls)
                     trace.raw_augmented_syscalls_args_size = (6 + 1) * sizeof(long) + sc->id.offset;
                 evsel__init_augmented_syscall_tp_ret(evsel);
                 evsel->handler = trace__sys_exit;
             }
         }
     }
 
     if ((argc >= 1) && (strcmp(argv[0], "record") == 0))
         return trace__record(&trace, argc-1, &argv[1]);
 
     /* Using just --errno-summary will trigger --summary */
     if (trace.errno_summary && !trace.summary && !trace.summary_only)
         trace.summary_only = true;
 
     /* summary_only implies summary option, but don't overwrite summary if set */
     if (trace.summary_only)
         trace.summary = trace.summary_only;
 
     if (output_name != NULL) {
         err = trace__open_output(&trace, output_name);
         if (err < 0) {
             perror("failed to create output file");
             goto out;
         }
     }
 
     err = evswitch__init(&trace.evswitch, trace.evlist, stderr);
     if (err)
         goto out_close;
 
     err = target__validate(&trace.opts.target);
     if (err) {
         target__strerror(&trace.opts.target, err, bf, sizeof(bf));
         fprintf(trace.output, "%s", bf);
         goto out_close;
     }
 
     err = target__parse_uid(&trace.opts.target);
     if (err) {
         target__strerror(&trace.opts.target, err, bf, sizeof(bf));
         fprintf(trace.output, "%s", bf);
         goto out_close;
     }
 
     if (!argc && target__none(&trace.opts.target))
         trace.opts.target.system_wide = true;
 
     if (input_name)
         err = trace__replay(&trace);
     else
         err = trace__run(&trace, argc, argv);
 
 out_close:
     if (output_name != NULL)
         fclose(trace.output);
 out:
     trace__exit(&trace);
     return err;
 }