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 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _LINUX_IVERSION_H
 #define _LINUX_IVERSION_H
 
 #include <linux/fs.h>
 
 /*
  * The inode->i_version field:
  * ---------------------------
  * The change attribute (i_version) is mandated by NFSv4 and is mostly for
  * knfsd, but is also used for other purposes (e.g. IMA). The i_version must
  * appear different to observers if there was a change to the inode's data or
  * metadata since it was last queried.
  *
  * Observers see the i_version as a 64-bit number that never decreases. If it
  * remains the same since it was last checked, then nothing has changed in the
  * inode. If it's different then something has changed. Observers cannot infer
  * anything about the nature or magnitude of the changes from the value, only
  * that the inode has changed in some fashion.
  *
  * Not all filesystems properly implement the i_version counter. Subsystems that
  * want to use i_version field on an inode should first check whether the
  * filesystem sets the SB_I_VERSION flag (usually via the IS_I_VERSION macro).
  *
  * Those that set SB_I_VERSION will automatically have their i_version counter
  * incremented on writes to normal files. If the SB_I_VERSION is not set, then
  * the VFS will not touch it on writes, and the filesystem can use it how it
  * wishes. Note that the filesystem is always responsible for updating the
  * i_version on namespace changes in directories (mkdir, rmdir, unlink, etc.).
  * We consider these sorts of filesystems to have a kernel-managed i_version.
  *
  * It may be impractical for filesystems to keep i_version updates atomic with
  * respect to the changes that cause them.  They should, however, guarantee
  * that i_version updates are never visible before the changes that caused
  * them.  Also, i_version updates should never be delayed longer than it takes
  * the original change to reach disk.
  *
  * This implementation uses the low bit in the i_version field as a flag to
  * track when the value has been queried. If it has not been queried since it
  * was last incremented, we can skip the increment in most cases.
  *
  * In the event that we're updating the ctime, we will usually go ahead and
  * bump the i_version anyway. Since that has to go to stable storage in some
  * fashion, we might as well increment it as well.
  *
  * With this implementation, the value should always appear to observers to
  * increase over time if the file has changed. It's recommended to use
  * inode_eq_iversion() helper to compare values.
  *
  * Note that some filesystems (e.g. NFS and AFS) just use the field to store
  * a server-provided value (for the most part). For that reason, those
  * filesystems do not set SB_I_VERSION. These filesystems are considered to
  * have a self-managed i_version.
  *
  * Persistently storing the i_version
  * ----------------------------------
  * Queries of the i_version field are not gated on them hitting the backing
  * store. It's always possible that the host could crash after allowing
  * a query of the value but before it has made it to disk.
  *
  * To mitigate this problem, filesystems should always use
  * inode_set_iversion_queried when loading an existing inode from disk. This
  * ensures that the next attempted inode increment will result in the value
  * changing.
  *
  * Storing the value to disk therefore does not count as a query, so those
  * filesystems should use inode_peek_iversion to grab the value to be stored.
  * There is no need to flag the value as having been queried in that case.
  */
 
 /*
  * We borrow the lowest bit in the i_version to use as a flag to tell whether
  * it has been queried since we last incremented it. If it has, then we must
  * increment it on the next change. After that, we can clear the flag and
  * avoid incrementing it again until it has again been queried.
  */
 #define I_VERSION_QUERIED_SHIFT (1)
 #define I_VERSION_QUERIED   (1ULL << (I_VERSION_QUERIED_SHIFT - 1))
 #define I_VERSION_INCREMENT (1ULL << I_VERSION_QUERIED_SHIFT)
 
 /**
  * inode_set_iversion_raw - set i_version to the specified raw value
  * @inode: inode to set
  * @val: new i_version value to set
  *
  * Set @inode's i_version field to @val. This function is for use by
  * filesystems that self-manage the i_version.
  *
  * For example, the NFS client stores its NFSv4 change attribute in this way,
  * and the AFS client stores the data_version from the server here.
  */
 static inline void
 inode_set_iversion_raw(struct inode *inode, u64 val)
 {
     atomic64_set(&inode->i_version, val);
 }
 
 /**
  * inode_peek_iversion_raw - grab a "raw" iversion value
  * @inode: inode from which i_version should be read
  *
  * Grab a "raw" inode->i_version value and return it. The i_version is not
  * flagged or converted in any way. This is mostly used to access a self-managed
  * i_version.
  *
  * With those filesystems, we want to treat the i_version as an entirely
  * opaque value.
  */
 static inline u64
 inode_peek_iversion_raw(const struct inode *inode)
 {
     return atomic64_read(&inode->i_version);
 }
 
 /**
  * inode_set_max_iversion_raw - update i_version new value is larger
  * @inode: inode to set
  * @val: new i_version to set
  *
  * Some self-managed filesystems (e.g Ceph) will only update the i_version
  * value if the new value is larger than the one we already have.
  */
 static inline void
 inode_set_max_iversion_raw(struct inode *inode, u64 val)
 {
     u64 cur, old;
 
     cur = inode_peek_iversion_raw(inode);
     for (;;) {
         if (cur > val)
             break;
         old = atomic64_cmpxchg(&inode->i_version, cur, val);
         if (likely(old == cur))
             break;
         cur = old;
     }
 }
 
 /**
  * inode_set_iversion - set i_version to a particular value
  * @inode: inode to set
  * @val: new i_version value to set
  *
  * Set @inode's i_version field to @val. This function is for filesystems with
  * a kernel-managed i_version, for initializing a newly-created inode from
  * scratch.
  *
  * In this case, we do not set the QUERIED flag since we know that this value
  * has never been queried.
  */
 static inline void
 inode_set_iversion(struct inode *inode, u64 val)
 {
     inode_set_iversion_raw(inode, val << I_VERSION_QUERIED_SHIFT);
 }
 
 /**
  * inode_set_iversion_queried - set i_version to a particular value as quereied
  * @inode: inode to set
  * @val: new i_version value to set
  *
  * Set @inode's i_version field to @val, and flag it for increment on the next
  * change.
  *
  * Filesystems that persistently store the i_version on disk should use this
  * when loading an existing inode from disk.
  *
  * When loading in an i_version value from a backing store, we can't be certain
  * that it wasn't previously viewed before being stored. Thus, we must assume
  * that it was, to ensure that we don't end up handing out the same value for
  * different versions of the same inode.
  */
 static inline void
 inode_set_iversion_queried(struct inode *inode, u64 val)
 {
     inode_set_iversion_raw(inode, (val << I_VERSION_QUERIED_SHIFT) |
                 I_VERSION_QUERIED);
 }
 
 /**
  * inode_maybe_inc_iversion - increments i_version
  * @inode: inode with the i_version that should be updated
  * @force: increment the counter even if it's not necessary?
  *
  * Every time the inode is modified, the i_version field must be seen to have
  * changed by any observer.
  *
  * If "force" is set or the QUERIED flag is set, then ensure that we increment
  * the value, and clear the queried flag.
  *
  * In the common case where neither is set, then we can return "false" without
  * updating i_version.
  *
  * If this function returns false, and no other metadata has changed, then we
  * can avoid logging the metadata.
  */
 static inline bool
 inode_maybe_inc_iversion(struct inode *inode, bool force)
 {
     u64 cur, old, new;
 
     /*
      * The i_version field is not strictly ordered with any other inode
      * information, but the legacy inode_inc_iversion code used a spinlock
      * to serialize increments.
      *
      * Here, we add full memory barriers to ensure that any de-facto
      * ordering with other info is preserved.
      *
      * This barrier pairs with the barrier in inode_query_iversion()
      */
     smp_mb();
     cur = inode_peek_iversion_raw(inode);
     for (;;) {
         /* If flag is clear then we needn't do anything */
         if (!force && !(cur & I_VERSION_QUERIED))
             return false;
 
         /* Since lowest bit is flag, add 2 to avoid it */
         new = (cur & ~I_VERSION_QUERIED) + I_VERSION_INCREMENT;
 
         old = atomic64_cmpxchg(&inode->i_version, cur, new);
         if (likely(old == cur))
             break;
         cur = old;
     }
     return true;
 }
 
 
 /**
  * inode_inc_iversion - forcibly increment i_version
  * @inode: inode that needs to be updated
  *
  * Forcbily increment the i_version field. This always results in a change to
  * the observable value.
  */
 static inline void
 inode_inc_iversion(struct inode *inode)
 {
     inode_maybe_inc_iversion(inode, true);
 }
 
 /**
  * inode_iversion_need_inc - is the i_version in need of being incremented?
  * @inode: inode to check
  *
  * Returns whether the inode->i_version counter needs incrementing on the next
  * change. Just fetch the value and check the QUERIED flag.
  */
 static inline bool
 inode_iversion_need_inc(struct inode *inode)
 {
     return inode_peek_iversion_raw(inode) & I_VERSION_QUERIED;
 }
 
 /**
  * inode_inc_iversion_raw - forcibly increment raw i_version
  * @inode: inode that needs to be updated
  *
  * Forcbily increment the raw i_version field. This always results in a change
  * to the raw value.
  *
  * NFS will use the i_version field to store the value from the server. It
  * mostly treats it as opaque, but in the case where it holds a write
  * delegation, it must increment the value itself. This function does that.
  */
 static inline void
 inode_inc_iversion_raw(struct inode *inode)
 {
     atomic64_inc(&inode->i_version);
 }
 
 /**
  * inode_peek_iversion - read i_version without flagging it to be incremented
  * @inode: inode from which i_version should be read
  *
  * Read the inode i_version counter for an inode without registering it as a
  * query.
  *
  * This is typically used by local filesystems that need to store an i_version
  * on disk. In that situation, it's not necessary to flag it as having been
  * viewed, as the result won't be used to gauge changes from that point.
  */
 static inline u64
 inode_peek_iversion(const struct inode *inode)
 {
     return inode_peek_iversion_raw(inode) >> I_VERSION_QUERIED_SHIFT;
 }
 
 /**
  * inode_query_iversion - read i_version for later use
  * @inode: inode from which i_version should be read
  *
  * Read the inode i_version counter. This should be used by callers that wish
  * to store the returned i_version for later comparison. This will guarantee
  * that a later query of the i_version will result in a different value if
  * anything has changed.
  *
  * In this implementation, we fetch the current value, set the QUERIED flag and
  * then try to swap it into place with a cmpxchg, if it wasn't already set. If
  * that fails, we try again with the newly fetched value from the cmpxchg.
  */
 static inline u64
 inode_query_iversion(struct inode *inode)
 {
     u64 cur, old, new;
 
     cur = inode_peek_iversion_raw(inode);
     for (;;) {
         /* If flag is already set, then no need to swap */
         if (cur & I_VERSION_QUERIED) {
             /*
              * This barrier (and the implicit barrier in the
              * cmpxchg below) pairs with the barrier in
              * inode_maybe_inc_iversion().
              */
             smp_mb();
             break;
         }
 
         new = cur | I_VERSION_QUERIED;
         old = atomic64_cmpxchg(&inode->i_version, cur, new);
         if (likely(old == cur))
             break;
         cur = old;
     }
     return cur >> I_VERSION_QUERIED_SHIFT;
 }
 
 /*
  * For filesystems without any sort of change attribute, the best we can
  * do is fake one up from the ctime:
  */
 static inline u64 time_to_chattr(struct timespec64 *t)
 {
     u64 chattr = t->tv_sec;
 
     chattr <<= 32;
     chattr += t->tv_nsec;
     return chattr;
 }
 
 /**
  * inode_eq_iversion_raw - check whether the raw i_version counter has changed
  * @inode: inode to check
  * @old: old value to check against its i_version
  *
  * Compare the current raw i_version counter with a previous one. Returns true
  * if they are the same or false if they are different.
  */
 static inline bool
 inode_eq_iversion_raw(const struct inode *inode, u64 old)
 {
     return inode_peek_iversion_raw(inode) == old;
 }
 
 /**
  * inode_eq_iversion - check whether the i_version counter has changed
  * @inode: inode to check
  * @old: old value to check against its i_version
  *
  * Compare an i_version counter with a previous one. Returns true if they are
  * the same, and false if they are different.
  *
  * Note that we don't need to set the QUERIED flag in this case, as the value
  * in the inode is not being recorded for later use.
  */
 static inline bool
 inode_eq_iversion(const struct inode *inode, u64 old)
 {
     return inode_peek_iversion(inode) == old;
 }
 #endif

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