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0001 Valid-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 OR GFDL-1.2-no-invariants-or-later
0002 Valid-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 OR GFDL-1.2-no-invariants-only
0003 Valid-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.2-no-invariants-or-later
0004 Valid-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.2-no-invariants-only
0005 SPDX-URL: https://spdx.org/licenses/GFDL-1.2-no-invariants-or-later.html
0006 Usage-Guide:
0007   The GNU Free Documentation License should only be used without
0008   Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts.
0009   It should not be used for new documents.
0010   To use the license in source code, put the following SPDX tag/value pair
0011   into a comment according to the placement guidelines in the licensing
0012   rules documentation:
0013     SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 OR GFDL-1.2-no-invariants-or-later
0014   or
0015     SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 OR GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-only
0016   or
0017     SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.2-no-invariants-or-later
0018   or
0019     SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.2-no-invariants-only
0020 License-Text:
0021                 GNU Free Documentation License
0022                   Version 1.2, November 2002
0023 
0024 
0025  Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002  Free Software Foundation, Inc.
0026      51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
0027  Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
0028  of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
0029 
0030 
0031 0. PREAMBLE
0032 
0033 The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
0034 functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to
0035 assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
0036 with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
0037 Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
0038 to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
0039 for modifications made by others.
0040 
0041 This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
0042 works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.  It
0043 complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
0044 license designed for free software.
0045 
0046 We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
0047 software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
0048 program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
0049 software does.  But this License is not limited to software manuals;
0050 it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
0051 whether it is published as a printed book.  We recommend this License
0052 principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
0053 
0054 
0055 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
0056 
0057 This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
0058 contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
0059 distributed under the terms of this License.  Such a notice grants a
0060 world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
0061 work under the conditions stated herein.  The "Document", below,
0062 refers to any such manual or work.  Any member of the public is a
0063 licensee, and is addressed as "you".  You accept the license if you
0064 copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
0065 under copyright law.
0066 
0067 A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
0068 Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
0069 modifications and/or translated into another language.
0070 
0071 A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
0072 the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
0073 publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject
0074 (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly
0075 within that overall subject.  (Thus, if the Document is in part a
0076 textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any
0077 mathematics.)  The relationship could be a matter of historical
0078 connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
0079 commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
0080 them.
0081 
0082 The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
0083 are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
0084 that says that the Document is released under this License.  If a
0085 section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
0086 allowed to be designated as Invariant.  The Document may contain zero
0087 Invariant Sections.  If the Document does not identify any Invariant
0088 Sections then there are none.
0089 
0090 The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed,
0091 as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
0092 the Document is released under this License.  A Front-Cover Text may
0093 be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
0094 
0095 A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
0096 represented in a format whose specification is available to the
0097 general public, that is suitable for revising the document
0098 straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
0099 pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
0100 drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
0101 for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
0102 to text formatters.  A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
0103 format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
0104 or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
0105 An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
0106 of text.  A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
0107 
0108 Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
0109 ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML
0110 or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple
0111 HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification.  Examples of
0112 transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG.  Opaque formats
0113 include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by
0114 proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
0115 processing tools are not generally available, and the
0116 machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word
0117 processors for output purposes only.
0118 
0119 The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
0120 plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
0121 this License requires to appear in the title page.  For works in
0122 formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means
0123 the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
0124 preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
0125 
0126 A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose
0127 title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
0128 text that translates XYZ in another language.  (Here XYZ stands for a
0129 specific section name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements",
0130 "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".)  To "Preserve the Title"
0131 of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
0132 section "Entitled XYZ" according to this definition.
0133 
0134 The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
0135 states that this License applies to the Document.  These Warranty
0136 Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
0137 License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
0138 implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
0139 no effect on the meaning of this License.
0140 
0141 
0142 2. VERBATIM COPYING
0143 
0144 You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
0145 commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
0146 copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
0147 to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
0148 conditions whatsoever to those of this License.  You may not use
0149 technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
0150 copying of the copies you make or distribute.  However, you may accept
0151 compensation in exchange for copies.  If you distribute a large enough
0152 number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
0153 
0154 You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
0155 you may publicly display copies.
0156 
0157 
0158 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
0159 
0160 If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
0161 printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
0162 Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
0163 copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
0164 Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
0165 the back cover.  Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
0166 you as the publisher of these copies.  The front cover must present
0167 the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
0168 visible.  You may add other material on the covers in addition.
0169 Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
0170 the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
0171 as verbatim copying in other respects.
0172 
0173 If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
0174 legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
0175 reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
0176 pages.
0177 
0178 If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
0179 more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
0180 copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
0181 a computer-network location from which the general network-using
0182 public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
0183 a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
0184 If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
0185 when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
0186 that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
0187 location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
0188 Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
0189 edition to the public.
0190 
0191 It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
0192 Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
0193 them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
0194 
0195 
0196 4. MODIFICATIONS
0197 
0198 You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
0199 the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
0200 the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
0201 Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
0202 and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
0203 of it.  In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
0204 
0205 A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
0206    from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
0207    (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
0208    of the Document).  You may use the same title as a previous version
0209    if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
0210 B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
0211    responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
0212    Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
0213    Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
0214    unless they release you from this requirement.
0215 C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
0216    Modified Version, as the publisher.
0217 D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
0218 E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
0219    adjacent to the other copyright notices.
0220 F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
0221    giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
0222    terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
0223 G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
0224    and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
0225 H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
0226 I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add
0227    to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
0228    publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page.  If
0229    there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one
0230    stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
0231    given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
0232    Version as stated in the previous sentence.
0233 J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
0234    public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
0235    the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
0236    it was based on.  These may be placed in the "History" section.
0237    You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
0238    least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
0239    publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
0240 K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",
0241    Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all
0242    the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements
0243    and/or dedications given therein.
0244 L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
0245    unaltered in their text and in their titles.  Section numbers
0246    or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
0247 M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements".  Such a section
0248    may not be included in the Modified Version.
0249 N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements"
0250    or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
0251 O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
0252 
0253 If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
0254 appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
0255 copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
0256 of these sections as invariant.  To do this, add their titles to the
0257 list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
0258 These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
0259 
0260 You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
0261 nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
0262 parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
0263 been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
0264 standard.
0265 
0266 You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
0267 passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
0268 of Cover Texts in the Modified Version.  Only one passage of
0269 Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
0270 through arrangements made by) any one entity.  If the Document already
0271 includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
0272 by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
0273 you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
0274 permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
0275 
0276 The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
0277 give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
0278 imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
0279 
0280 
0281 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
0282 
0283 You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
0284 License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
0285 versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
0286 Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
0287 list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
0288 license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
0289 
0290 The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
0291 multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
0292 copy.  If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
0293 different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
0294 adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
0295 author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
0296 Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
0297 Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
0298 
0299 In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History"
0300 in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
0301 "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements",
0302 and any sections Entitled "Dedications".  You must delete all sections
0303 Entitled "Endorsements".
0304 
0305 
0306 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
0307 
0308 You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
0309 released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
0310 License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
0311 the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
0312 verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
0313 
0314 You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
0315 it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
0316 License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
0317 other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
0318 
0319 
0320 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
0321 
0322 A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
0323 and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
0324 distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright
0325 resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
0326 of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
0327 When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
0328 apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
0329 derivative works of the Document.
0330 
0331 If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
0332 copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
0333 the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
0334 covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
0335 electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
0336 Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
0337 aggregate.
0338 
0339 
0340 8. TRANSLATION
0341 
0342 Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
0343 distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
0344 Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
0345 permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
0346 translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
0347 original versions of these Invariant Sections.  You may include a
0348 translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
0349 Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
0350 the original English version of this License and the original versions
0351 of those notices and disclaimers.  In case of a disagreement between
0352 the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
0353 or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
0354 
0355 If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements",
0356 "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
0357 its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
0358 title.
0359 
0360 
0361 9. TERMINATION
0362 
0363 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
0364 as expressly provided for under this License.  Any other attempt to
0365 copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
0366 automatically terminate your rights under this License.  However,
0367 parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
0368 License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
0369 parties remain in full compliance.
0370 
0371 
0372 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
0373 
0374 The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
0375 of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time.  Such new
0376 versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
0377 differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.  See
0378 https://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
0379 
0380 Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
0381 If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
0382 License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of
0383 following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
0384 of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
0385 Free Software Foundation.  If the Document does not specify a version
0386 number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
0387 as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
0388 
0389 
0390 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
0391 
0392 To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
0393 the License in the document and put the following copyright and
0394 license notices just after the title page:
0395 
0396     Copyright (c)  YEAR  YOUR NAME.
0397     Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
0398     under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
0399     or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
0400     with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
0401     A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
0402     Free Documentation License".
0403 
0404 If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
0405 replace the "with...Texts." line with this:
0406 
0407     with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
0408     Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
0409 
0410 If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
0411 combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
0412 situation.
0413 
0414 If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
0415 recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
0416 free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
0417 to permit their use in free software.