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 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
 
 .. _fdl:
 
 ******************************
 GNU Free Documentation License
 ******************************
 
 
 .. _fdl-preamble:
 
 0. PREAMBLE
 ===========
 
 The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
 written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the
 effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying
 it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License
 preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their
 work, while not being considered responsible for modifications made by
 others.
 
 This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative works
 of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
 complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license
 designed for free software.
 
 We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
 software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program
 should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software
 does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be
 used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is
 published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for
 works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
 
 
 .. _fdl-section1:
 
 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
 ================================
 
 
 .. _fdl-document:
 
 This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a notice
 placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the
 terms of this License. The "Document", below, refers to any such manual
 or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as
 "you".
 
 
 .. _fdl-modified:
 
 A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
 Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
 modifications and/or translated into another language.
 
 
 .. _fdl-secondary:
 
 A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
 the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` that deals exclusively with the
 relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the
 Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing
 that could fall directly within that overall subject. (For example, if
 the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section
 may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of
 historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or of
 legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position
 regarding them.
 
 
 .. _fdl-invariant:
 
 The "Invariant Sections" are certain
 :ref:`Secondary Sections <fdl-secondary>` whose titles are designated,
 as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says that the
 :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` is released under this License.
 
 
 .. _fdl-cover-texts:
 
 The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, as
 Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the
 :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` is released under this License.
 
 
 .. _fdl-transparent:
 
 A "Transparent" copy of the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` means a
 machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose specification is
 available to the general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited
 directly and straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images
 composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely
 available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text
 formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable
 for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent
 file format whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage
 subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy that is
 not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
 
 Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII
 without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML
 using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML
 designed for human modification. Opaque formats include PostScript, PDF,
 proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by proprietary word
 processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are
 not generally available, and the machine-generated HTML produced by some
 word processors for output purposes only.
 
 
 .. _fdl-title-page:
 
 The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus
 such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this
 License requires to appear in the title page. For works in formats which
 do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means the text near the
 most prominent appearance of the work's title, preceding the beginning
 of the body of the text.
 
 
 .. _fdl-section2:
 
 2. VERBATIM COPYING
 ===================
 
 You may copy and distribute the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` in any
 medium, either commercially or noncommercially, provided that this
 License, the copyright notices, and the license notice saying this
 License applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that
 you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may
 not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
 copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
 compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
 number of copies you must also follow the conditions in
 :ref:`section 3 <fdl-section3>`.
 
 You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
 you may publicly display copies.
 
 
 .. _fdl-section3:
 
 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
 ======================
 
 If you publish printed copies of the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>`
 numbering more than 100, and the Document's license notice requires
 :ref:`Cover Texts <fdl-cover-texts>`, you must enclose the copies in
 covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts:
 Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back
 cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the
 publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full title
 with all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add
 other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited
 to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the
 :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` and satisfy these conditions, can be
 treated as verbatim copying in other respects.
 
 If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
 legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
 reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
 pages.
 
 If you publish or distribute :ref:`Opaque <fdl-transparent>` copies of
 the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` numbering more than 100, you must
 either include a machine-readable :ref:`Transparent <fdl-transparent>`
 copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a
 publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete
 Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the
 general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no
 charge using public-standard network protocols. If you use the latter
 option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin
 distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this
 Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location
 until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque
 copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to
 the public.
 
 It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
 :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` well before redistributing any large
 number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an updated
 version of the Document.
 
 
 .. _fdl-section4:
 
 4. MODIFICATIONS
 ================
 
 You may copy and distribute a :ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>`
 of the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` under the conditions of sections
 :ref:`2 <fdl-section2>` and :ref:`3 <fdl-section3>` above, provided
 that you release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with
 the Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing
 distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever
 possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in the
 Modified Version:
 
 -  **A.**
    Use in the :ref:`Title Page <fdl-title-page>` (and on the covers,
    if any) a title distinct from that of the
    :ref:`Document <fdl-document>`, and from those of previous versions
    (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section of
    the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version if
    the original publisher of that version gives permission.
 
 -  **B.**
    List on the :ref:`Title Page <fdl-title-page>`, as authors, one or
    more persons or entities responsible for authorship of the
    modifications in the :ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>`,
    together with at least five of the principal authors of the
    :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` (all of its principal authors, if it
    has less than five).
 
 -  **C.**
    State on the :ref:`Title Page <fdl-title-page>` the name of the
    publisher of the :ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>`, as the
    publisher.
 
 -  **D.**
    Preserve all the copyright notices of the
    :ref:`Document <fdl-document>`.
 
 -  **E.**
    Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent
    to the other copyright notices.
 
 -  **F.**
    Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
    giving the public permission to use the
    :ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>` under the terms of this
    License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
 
 -  **G.**
    Preserve in that license notice the full lists of
    :ref:`Invariant Sections <fdl-invariant>` and required
    :ref:`Cover Texts <fdl-cover-texts>` given in the
    :ref:`Document's <fdl-document>` license notice.
 
 -  **H.**
    Include an unaltered copy of this License.
 
 -  **I.**
    Preserve the section entitled "History", and its title, and add to it
    an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher
    of the :ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>` as given on the
    :ref:`Title Page <fdl-title-page>`. If there is no section entitled
    "History" in the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>`, create one stating
    the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as given on
    its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified Version as
    stated in the previous sentence.
 
 -  **J.**
    Preserve the network location, if any, given in the
    :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` for public access to a
    :ref:`Transparent <fdl-transparent>` copy of the Document, and
    likewise the network locations given in the Document for previous
    versions it was based on. These may be placed in the "History"
    section. You may omit a network location for a work that was
    published at least four years before the Document itself, or if the
    original publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
 
 -  **K.**
    In any section entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", preserve
    the section's title, and preserve in the section all the substance
    and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
    dedications given therein.
 
 -  **L.**
    Preserve all the :ref:`Invariant Sections <fdl-invariant>` of the
    :ref:`Document <fdl-document>`, unaltered in their text and in
    their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not considered
    part of the section titles.
 
 -  **M.**
    Delete any section entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not be
    included in the :ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>`.
 
 -  **N.**
    Do not retitle any existing section as "Endorsements" or to conflict
    in title with any :ref:`Invariant Section <fdl-invariant>`.
 
 If the :ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>` includes new
 front-matter sections or appendices that qualify as
 :ref:`Secondary Sections <fdl-secondary>` and contain no material
 copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
 of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list
 of :ref:`Invariant Sections <fdl-invariant>` in the Modified Version's
 license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other section
 titles.
 
 You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
 nothing but endorsements of your
 :ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>` by various parties--for
 example, statements of peer review or that the text has been approved by
 an organization as the authoritative definition of a standard.
 
 You may add a passage of up to five words as a
 :ref:`Front-Cover Text <fdl-cover-texts>`, and a passage of up to 25
 words as a :ref:`Back-Cover Text <fdl-cover-texts>`, to the end of the
 list of :ref:`Cover Texts <fdl-cover-texts>` in the
 :ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>`. Only one passage of
 Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through
 arrangements made by) any one entity. If the
 :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` already includes a cover text for the
 same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same
 entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may
 replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher
 that added the old one.
 
 The author(s) and publisher(s) of the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>`
 do not by this License give permission to use their names for publicity
 for or to assert or imply endorsement of any
 :ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>`.
 
 
 .. _fdl-section5:
 
 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
 ======================
 
 You may combine the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` with other
 documents released under this License, under the terms defined in
 :ref:`section 4 <fdl-section4>` above for modified versions, provided
 that you include in the combination all of the
 :ref:`Invariant Sections <fdl-invariant>` of all of the original
 documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your
 combined work in its license notice.
 
 The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
 multiple identical :ref:`Invariant Sections <fdl-invariant>` may be
 replaced with a single copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections
 with the same name but different contents, make the title of each such
 section unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of
 the original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a
 unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the
 list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
 
 In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled "History" in
 the various original documents, forming one section entitled "History";
 likewise combine any sections entitled "Acknowledgements", and any
 sections entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections entitled
 "Endorsements."
 
 
 .. _fdl-section6:
 
 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
 ===========================
 
 You may make a collection consisting of the
 :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` and other documents released under this
 License, and replace the individual copies of this License in the
 various documents with a single copy that is included in the collection,
 provided that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying
 of each of the documents in all other respects.
 
 You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
 it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
 License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
 other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
 
 
 .. _fdl-section7:
 
 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
 =====================================
 
 A compilation of the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` or its derivatives
 with other separate and independent documents or works, in or on a
 volume of a storage or distribution medium, does not as a whole count as
 a :ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>` of the Document, provided no
 compilation copyright is claimed for the compilation. Such a compilation
 is called an "aggregate", and this License does not apply to the other
 self-contained works thus compiled with the Document , on account of
 their being thus compiled, if they are not themselves derivative works
 of the Document. If the :ref:`Cover Text <fdl-cover-texts>`
 requirement of :ref:`section 3 <fdl-section3>` is applicable to these
 copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter of
 the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers
 that surround only the Document within the aggregate. Otherwise they
 must appear on covers around the whole aggregate.
 
 
 .. _fdl-section8:
 
 8. TRANSLATION
 ==============
 
 Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute
 translations of the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` under the terms of
 :ref:`section 4 <fdl-section4>`. Replacing
 :ref:`Invariant Sections <fdl-invariant>` with translations requires
 special permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
 translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
 original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
 translation of this License provided that you also include the original
 English version of this License. In case of a disagreement between the
 translation and the original English version of this License, the
 original English version will prevail.
 
 
 .. _fdl-section9:
 
 9. TERMINATION
 ==============
 
 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the
 :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` except as expressly provided for under
 this License. Any other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or
 distribute the Document is void, and will automatically terminate your
 rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or
 rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses
 terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.
 
 
 .. _fdl-section10:
 
 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
 ====================================
 
 The `Free Software Foundation <http://www.gnu.org/fsf/fsf.html>`__
 may publish new, revised versions of the GNU Free Documentation License
 from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the
 present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or
 concerns. See
 `http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/ <http://www.gnu.org/copyleft>`__.
 
 Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If
 the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` specifies that a particular
 numbered version of this License "or any later version" applies to it,
 you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that
 specified version or of any later version that has been published (not
 as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not
 specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version
 ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
 
 
 .. _fdl-using:
 
 Addendum
 ========
 
 To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
 the License in the document and put the following copyright and license
 notices just after the title page:
 
     Copyright © YEAR YOUR NAME.
 
     Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
     document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
     Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software
     Foundation; with the :ref:`Invariant Sections <fdl-invariant>`
     being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
     :ref:`Front-Cover Texts <fdl-cover-texts>` being LIST, and with
     the :ref:`Back-Cover Texts <fdl-cover-texts>` being LIST. A copy
     of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free
     Documentation License".
 
 If you have no :ref:`Invariant Sections <fdl-invariant>`, write "with
 no Invariant Sections" instead of saying which ones are invariant. If
 you have no :ref:`Front-Cover Texts <fdl-cover-texts>`, write "no
 Front-Cover Texts" instead of "Front-Cover Texts being LIST"; likewise
 for :ref:`Back-Cover Texts <fdl-cover-texts>`.
 
 If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
 recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free
 software license, such as the
 `GNU General Public License <http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html>`__,
 to permit their use in free software.

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