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 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 
 =====================================
 Asynchronous Transfers/Transforms API
 =====================================
 
 .. Contents
 
   1. INTRODUCTION
 
   2 GENEALOGY
 
   3 USAGE
   3.1 General format of the API
   3.2 Supported operations
   3.3 Descriptor management
   3.4 When does the operation execute?
   3.5 When does the operation complete?
   3.6 Constraints
   3.7 Example
 
   4 DMAENGINE DRIVER DEVELOPER NOTES
   4.1 Conformance points
   4.2 "My application needs exclusive control of hardware channels"
 
   5 SOURCE
 
 1. Introduction
 ===============
 
 The async_tx API provides methods for describing a chain of asynchronous
 bulk memory transfers/transforms with support for inter-transactional
 dependencies.  It is implemented as a dmaengine client that smooths over
 the details of different hardware offload engine implementations.  Code
 that is written to the API can optimize for asynchronous operation and
 the API will fit the chain of operations to the available offload
 resources.
 
 2.Genealogy
 ===========
 
 The API was initially designed to offload the memory copy and
 xor-parity-calculations of the md-raid5 driver using the offload engines
 present in the Intel(R) Xscale series of I/O processors.  It also built
 on the 'dmaengine' layer developed for offloading memory copies in the
 network stack using Intel(R) I/OAT engines.  The following design
 features surfaced as a result:
 
 1. implicit synchronous path: users of the API do not need to know if
    the platform they are running on has offload capabilities.  The
    operation will be offloaded when an engine is available and carried out
    in software otherwise.
 2. cross channel dependency chains: the API allows a chain of dependent
    operations to be submitted, like xor->copy->xor in the raid5 case.  The
    API automatically handles cases where the transition from one operation
    to another implies a hardware channel switch.
 3. dmaengine extensions to support multiple clients and operation types
    beyond 'memcpy'
 
 3. Usage
 ========
 
 3.1 General format of the API
 -----------------------------
 
 ::
 
   struct dma_async_tx_descriptor *
   async_<operation>(<op specific parameters>, struct async_submit ctl *submit)
 
 3.2 Supported operations
 ------------------------
 
 ========  ====================================================================
 memcpy    memory copy between a source and a destination buffer
 memset    fill a destination buffer with a byte value
 xor       xor a series of source buffers and write the result to a
           destination buffer
 xor_val   xor a series of source buffers and set a flag if the
           result is zero.  The implementation attempts to prevent
           writes to memory
 pq        generate the p+q (raid6 syndrome) from a series of source buffers
 pq_val    validate that a p and or q buffer are in sync with a given series of
           sources
 datap     (raid6_datap_recov) recover a raid6 data block and the p block
           from the given sources
 2data     (raid6_2data_recov) recover 2 raid6 data blocks from the given
           sources
 ========  ====================================================================
 
 3.3 Descriptor management
 -------------------------
 
 The return value is non-NULL and points to a 'descriptor' when the operation
 has been queued to execute asynchronously.  Descriptors are recycled
 resources, under control of the offload engine driver, to be reused as
 operations complete.  When an application needs to submit a chain of
 operations it must guarantee that the descriptor is not automatically recycled
 before the dependency is submitted.  This requires that all descriptors be
 acknowledged by the application before the offload engine driver is allowed to
 recycle (or free) the descriptor.  A descriptor can be acked by one of the
 following methods:
 
 1. setting the ASYNC_TX_ACK flag if no child operations are to be submitted
 2. submitting an unacknowledged descriptor as a dependency to another
    async_tx call will implicitly set the acknowledged state.
 3. calling async_tx_ack() on the descriptor.
 
 3.4 When does the operation execute?
 ------------------------------------
 
 Operations do not immediately issue after return from the
 async_<operation> call.  Offload engine drivers batch operations to
 improve performance by reducing the number of mmio cycles needed to
 manage the channel.  Once a driver-specific threshold is met the driver
 automatically issues pending operations.  An application can force this
 event by calling async_tx_issue_pending_all().  This operates on all
 channels since the application has no knowledge of channel to operation
 mapping.
 
 3.5 When does the operation complete?
 -------------------------------------
 
 There are two methods for an application to learn about the completion
 of an operation.
 
 1. Call dma_wait_for_async_tx().  This call causes the CPU to spin while
    it polls for the completion of the operation.  It handles dependency
    chains and issuing pending operations.
 2. Specify a completion callback.  The callback routine runs in tasklet
    context if the offload engine driver supports interrupts, or it is
    called in application context if the operation is carried out
    synchronously in software.  The callback can be set in the call to
    async_<operation>, or when the application needs to submit a chain of
    unknown length it can use the async_trigger_callback() routine to set a
    completion interrupt/callback at the end of the chain.
 
 3.6 Constraints
 ---------------
 
 1. Calls to async_<operation> are not permitted in IRQ context.  Other
    contexts are permitted provided constraint #2 is not violated.
 2. Completion callback routines cannot submit new operations.  This
    results in recursion in the synchronous case and spin_locks being
    acquired twice in the asynchronous case.
 
 3.7 Example
 -----------
 
 Perform a xor->copy->xor operation where each operation depends on the
 result from the previous operation::
 
     void callback(void *param)
     {
             struct completion *cmp = param;
 
             complete(cmp);
     }
 
     void run_xor_copy_xor(struct page **xor_srcs,
                         int xor_src_cnt,
                         struct page *xor_dest,
                         size_t xor_len,
                         struct page *copy_src,
                         struct page *copy_dest,
                         size_t copy_len)
     {
             struct dma_async_tx_descriptor *tx;
             addr_conv_t addr_conv[xor_src_cnt];
             struct async_submit_ctl submit;
             addr_conv_t addr_conv[NDISKS];
             struct completion cmp;
 
             init_async_submit(&submit, ASYNC_TX_XOR_DROP_DST, NULL, NULL, NULL,
                             addr_conv);
             tx = async_xor(xor_dest, xor_srcs, 0, xor_src_cnt, xor_len, &submit)
 
             submit->depend_tx = tx;
             tx = async_memcpy(copy_dest, copy_src, 0, 0, copy_len, &submit);
 
             init_completion(&cmp);
             init_async_submit(&submit, ASYNC_TX_XOR_DROP_DST | ASYNC_TX_ACK, tx,
                             callback, &cmp, addr_conv);
             tx = async_xor(xor_dest, xor_srcs, 0, xor_src_cnt, xor_len, &submit);
 
             async_tx_issue_pending_all();
 
             wait_for_completion(&cmp);
     }
 
 See include/linux/async_tx.h for more information on the flags.  See the
 ops_run_* and ops_complete_* routines in drivers/md/raid5.c for more
 implementation examples.
 
 4. Driver Development Notes
 ===========================
 
 4.1 Conformance points
 ----------------------
 
 There are a few conformance points required in dmaengine drivers to
 accommodate assumptions made by applications using the async_tx API:
 
 1. Completion callbacks are expected to happen in tasklet context
 2. dma_async_tx_descriptor fields are never manipulated in IRQ context
 3. Use async_tx_run_dependencies() in the descriptor clean up path to
    handle submission of dependent operations
 
 4.2 "My application needs exclusive control of hardware channels"
 -----------------------------------------------------------------
 
 Primarily this requirement arises from cases where a DMA engine driver
 is being used to support device-to-memory operations.  A channel that is
 performing these operations cannot, for many platform specific reasons,
 be shared.  For these cases the dma_request_channel() interface is
 provided.
 
 The interface is::
 
   struct dma_chan *dma_request_channel(dma_cap_mask_t mask,
                                        dma_filter_fn filter_fn,
                                        void *filter_param);
 
 Where dma_filter_fn is defined as::
 
   typedef bool (*dma_filter_fn)(struct dma_chan *chan, void *filter_param);
 
 When the optional 'filter_fn' parameter is set to NULL
 dma_request_channel simply returns the first channel that satisfies the
 capability mask.  Otherwise, when the mask parameter is insufficient for
 specifying the necessary channel, the filter_fn routine can be used to
 disposition the available channels in the system. The filter_fn routine
 is called once for each free channel in the system.  Upon seeing a
 suitable channel filter_fn returns DMA_ACK which flags that channel to
 be the return value from dma_request_channel.  A channel allocated via
 this interface is exclusive to the caller, until dma_release_channel()
 is called.
 
 The DMA_PRIVATE capability flag is used to tag dma devices that should
 not be used by the general-purpose allocator.  It can be set at
 initialization time if it is known that a channel will always be
 private.  Alternatively, it is set when dma_request_channel() finds an
 unused "public" channel.
 
 A couple caveats to note when implementing a driver and consumer:
 
 1. Once a channel has been privately allocated it will no longer be
    considered by the general-purpose allocator even after a call to
    dma_release_channel().
 2. Since capabilities are specified at the device level a dma_device
    with multiple channels will either have all channels public, or all
    channels private.
 
 5. Source
 ---------
 
 include/linux/dmaengine.h:
     core header file for DMA drivers and api users
 drivers/dma/dmaengine.c:
     offload engine channel management routines
 drivers/dma/:
     location for offload engine drivers
 include/linux/async_tx.h:
     core header file for the async_tx api
 crypto/async_tx/async_tx.c:
     async_tx interface to dmaengine and common code
 crypto/async_tx/async_memcpy.c:
     copy offload
 crypto/async_tx/async_xor.c:
     xor and xor zero sum offload

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